Unit 2

digitally enabled genomic medicine

genomic medicine

biological indicators of possible disease

<p>controlled delivery devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pharmacogenomics or pharmacogenetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>personalized medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Factors such as rapid changes in information technologies and biotechnologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High population, poor facilities, low life expectancy, lack of qualified health personnel, poor remuneration and motivation for healthcare professionals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Little or no effort in research and discovery of drugs locally, overdependence on foreign discovery and introduction of medication, delays and bottlenecks in the registration and approval of medicine, increasing cost of drug introduction and marketing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The current situation of healthcare delivery in these countries is not encouraging, and there is a need for improvement in healthcare delivery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Need and depravity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To help improve healthcare and ensure efficient delivery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stethoscope, Thermometer, X-rays, BP cuff, Sphygmomanometer, Penicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They serve as a guide and a driver of change towards health informatics introduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapid changes in Information Technologies have resulted in its increasing application in healthcare systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electronic health record (EHR), Smart devices, Visualization devices, Telemedicine, Telepharmacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Devices for measuring glucose levels, devices for voice to text translation, handheld devices for note-taking</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biotechnological research and practices are influencing the drive towards health informatics and having an impact on pharmacy and medical practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More/new work for clinicians, Unfavourable workflow issues, Never ending system demands, Problems related to paper persistence, Untoward changes in communication pattern and practices, Negative emotions, Generation of new kinds of error, Unexpected changes in the power structure, Overdependence on the technology, Lack of standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organizational standards and de-facto standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How healthcare computers or computing devices connect and how they send information, Preferred structure for healthcare information documentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To define, implement, and bring about widespread adoption of healthcare specific standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Across the healthcare system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patient safety solutions are system designs or interventions that prevent or mitigate patient harm in healthcare processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some examples of patient safety issues include look alike and sound alike medication names, patient identification, and medication accuracy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some barriers include high cost of technology, unclear return on investment, high maintenance cost, resistance from practitioners and users, lack of knowledgeable staff, lack of knowledge about informatics, fear of change, complacency, and unintended consequences of technology or system adoption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Informatics adoption in developed countries ranges between 5% and 50%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In developing countries, the majority have 0% informatics adoption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A high cost of technology is a financial barrier to informatics adoption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapid changes in information technologies and biotechnologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Not encouraging at all</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To help ensure improvement in healthcare delivery and ensure efficient delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Little or no effort in research and discovery of drugs locally, overdependence on foreign discovery and introduction of medication, delays and bottlenecks in the registration and approval of medicine, increasing cost of drug introduction and marketing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Need and depravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of qualified health personnel, poor remuneration and motivation for healthcare professionals, delays and bottlenecks in the registration and approval of medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Look alike and sound alike medication names, Patient identification, Medication accuracy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High cost of the technology, Unclear return on investment, High maintenance cost.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resistance on the part of the practitioners and users, Lack of or unavailability of staff with the requisite knowledge or expertise, Lack of knowledge, Fear of change, Complacency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unexpected or unintended consequences of technologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5% to 50%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More/new work for clinicians, Unfavourable workflow issues, Never ending system demands, Problems related to paper persistence, Untoward changes in communication pattern and practices, Negative emotions, Generation of new kinds of error, Unexpected changes in the power structure, Overdependence on the technology, Lack of standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of appropriate standards across the healthcare system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How healthcare computers or computing devices connect and how they send information, Preferred structure for healthcare information documentation (paper or electronic)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To define, implement and bring about widespread adoption of healthcare specific standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No, currently there are no standards or policies in place</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In healthcare settings like hospitals and radiology units, especially in developing countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Examples include the stethoscope, thermometer, X-rays, BP cuff, Sphygmomanometer, and penicillin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Information technology is resulting in increasing application in healthcare systems, with computers and computer-related technologies becoming more portable, powerful, and affordable. The internet has dramatically changed information access and delivery, and software development has enhanced various health information applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smart devices automate medical and medication delivery, measure glucose levels, enable voice to text translation, and allow for handwritten notes to be transcribed. They also include automatic dispensing cabinets and smart pumps for injection delivery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visualization devices capture, view, and analyze medical conditions and images, including x-ray devices, microscopy, magnetic resonance imaging, endoscopy, and simple cameras or video recorders that can be shared over the internet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Telemedicine combines visualization with telephony, internet, and other media to provide healthcare from a distance, while telepharmacy involves discussing patient prescriptions over the telephone with data sharing on computer screens. It can involve remote supervision through video conferencing technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biotechnological research and practices are influencing health informatics by integrating work at the laboratory bench with patient care, studying genotype to phenotype, and impacting pharmacy and medical practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controlled delivery devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The large amounts of data generated by new genotype and phenotype technologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genomic Medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digitally enabled genomic medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biotechnologies are churning out a huge database of information that is influencing drug discovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personalized medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Translational medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Translational medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nanomedicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pharmacogenomics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smart devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visualization devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High maintenance cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unclear return on investment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resistance from practitioners and users</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unintended consequences of technology adoption</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5% to 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0% to 5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More/new work for clinicians</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specifications on how healthcare computers or computing devices connect and how they send information</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defining, implementing, and bringing about widespread adoption of healthcare specific standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unexpected changes in the power structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The push for patient safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pharmacogenomics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nanotechnology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digitally enabled healthcare</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personalized medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genomic medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High population putting high pressure on health facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low life expectancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Need and depravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overdependence on foreign discovery and introduction of medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure improvement in healthcare delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of appropriate standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stethoscope = Rene Laennec, 1816 Thermometer = Thomas Allbutt, 1867 X-rays = Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen, 1895 BP cuff, Sphygmomanometer = Harvey Cusshing, 1901</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Penicillin = Alexander Fleming, 1929 Stethoscope = Rene Laennec, 1816 X-rays = Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen, 1895 Thermometer = Thomas Allbutt, 1867</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stethoscope = 1837 Thermometer = 1867 X-rays = 1895 BP cuff, Sphygmomanometer = 1901</p> Signup and view all the answers