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Questions and Answers
During the Middle Ages, most scholars believed that the earth was
During the Middle Ages, most scholars believed that the earth was
What was the Renaissance?
What was the Renaissance?
What prompted followers to challenge accepted ways of thinking about God and salvation?
What prompted followers to challenge accepted ways of thinking about God and salvation?
Before 1500, how did scholars generally decide what was true or false?
Before 1500, how did scholars generally decide what was true or false?
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What revolution in European thought permanently changed how people viewed the physical world?
What revolution in European thought permanently changed how people viewed the physical world?
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Which invention during the Renaissance helped spread challenging ideas among Europe's thinkers?
Which invention during the Renaissance helped spread challenging ideas among Europe's thinkers?
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What fueled a great deal of scientific research during the age of European exploration?
What fueled a great deal of scientific research during the age of European exploration?
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What theory did a small group of scholars begin to question in the field of astronomy?
What theory did a small group of scholars begin to question in the field of astronomy?
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Who was the Polish cleric and astronomer who published his findings on planetary motion in 1543?
Who was the Polish cleric and astronomer who published his findings on planetary motion in 1543?
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Who carefully recorded the movements of the planets for many years and produced accurate data based on his observations?
Who carefully recorded the movements of the planets for many years and produced accurate data based on his observations?
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Which mathematician concluded, after studying Tycho Brahe's data, that certain mathematical laws govern planetary motion, including the fact that planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits?
Which mathematician concluded, after studying Tycho Brahe's data, that certain mathematical laws govern planetary motion, including the fact that planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits?
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Which of the following accurately describes Galileo's discoveries?
Which of the following accurately describes Galileo's discoveries?
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Why did Galileo's findings frighten the Catholic and Protestant leaders?
Why did Galileo's findings frighten the Catholic and Protestant leaders?
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What happened to Galileo after he published Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems?
What happened to Galileo after he published Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems?
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Who developed the scientific method?
Who developed the scientific method?
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What is the first step of the scientific method?
What is the first step of the scientific method?
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When did the Catholic Church officially acknowledge that Galileo had been right?
When did the Catholic Church officially acknowledge that Galileo had been right?
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Who is credited with beginning the Scientific Revolution with his heliocentric theory?
Who is credited with beginning the Scientific Revolution with his heliocentric theory?
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Which two thinkers of the 1600s helped advance the new scientific approach?
Which two thinkers of the 1600s helped advance the new scientific approach?
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What approach did Francis Bacon advocate for scientists?
What approach did Francis Bacon advocate for scientists?
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Who is credited with the famous quote, 'I think, therefore I am'?
Who is credited with the famous quote, 'I think, therefore I am'?
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Which three scientists are mentioned as having made significant contributions to astronomy and physics?
Which three scientists are mentioned as having made significant contributions to astronomy and physics?
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Who helped to consolidate the breakthroughs of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo into a single theory of motion?
Who helped to consolidate the breakthroughs of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo into a single theory of motion?
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Which university did Newton attend?
Which university did Newton attend?
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What was Newton's great discovery?
What was Newton's great discovery?
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What did Newton believe about the creator of the universe?
What did Newton believe about the creator of the universe?
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Who developed the first mercury barometer?
Who developed the first mercury barometer?
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Who made the first thermometer to use mercury in glass?
Who made the first thermometer to use mercury in glass?
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Who proved Galen's assumptions wrong by dissecting human corpses?
Who proved Galen's assumptions wrong by dissecting human corpses?
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Who is considered the founder of modern chemistry?
Who is considered the founder of modern chemistry?
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What disease did Edward Jenner use to produce the world's first vaccination?
What disease did Edward Jenner use to produce the world's first vaccination?
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What did Edward Jenner discover about inoculation with germs from cowpox?
What did Edward Jenner discover about inoculation with germs from cowpox?
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Study Notes
The Renaissance and the Emergence of Modern Science
- The Renaissance marked a significant shift in European thought, as scholars began to challenge traditional ways of thinking about God and salvation.
The Dawn of Scientific Inquiry
- Before 1500, scholars generally decided what was true or false through faith and authority, rather than empirical evidence.
- The Renaissance revolution in European thought permanently changed how people viewed the physical world.
Key Innovations and Discoveries
- The invention of the printing press helped spread challenging ideas among Europe's thinkers during the Renaissance.
- The Age of Exploration fueled a great deal of scientific research.
Astronomy and Planetary Motion
- A small group of scholars began to question the geocentric theory in the field of astronomy.
- Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish cleric and astronomer, published his findings on planetary motion in 1543.
- Tycho Brahe carefully recorded the movements of the planets for many years, producing accurate data based on his observations.
- Johannes Kepler concluded that certain mathematical laws govern planetary motion, including the fact that planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits.
Galileo's Contributions
- Galileo's discoveries included the observation of four moons orbiting Jupiter and the phases of Venus, providing evidence for the Copernican heliocentric model.
- Galileo's findings frightened Catholic and Protestant leaders, who saw them as a threat to their authority.
- After publishing Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, Galileo was placed under house arrest by the Catholic Church.
The Scientific Method
- Francis Bacon developed the scientific method, which involves empirical observation, experimentation, and the formulation of hypotheses.
- The first step of the scientific method is to formulate a hypothesis based on observation.
Notable Figures
- Nicolaus Copernicus is credited with beginning the Scientific Revolution with his heliocentric theory.
- Francis Bacon and René Descartes helped advance the new scientific approach in the 1600s.
- René Descartes is credited with the famous quote, "I think, therefore I am."
- Kepler, Galileo, and Isaac Newton made significant contributions to astronomy and physics.
Isaac Newton
- Newton consolidated the breakthroughs of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo into a single theory of motion.
- Newton attended Trinity College, Cambridge University.
- Newton's great discovery was the law of universal gravitation, which explains the motion of celestial bodies.
- Newton believed that the creator of the universe was a benevolent being who designed the universe according to mathematical principles.
Other Key Figures
- Evangelista Torricelli developed the first mercury barometer.
- Gabriel Fahrenheit made the first thermometer to use mercury in glass.
- Andreas Vesalius proved Galen's assumptions wrong by dissecting human corpses.
- Antoine Lavoisier is considered the founder of modern chemistry.
- Edward Jenner used cowpox to produce the world's first vaccination, discovering that inoculation with germs from cowpox could provide immunity to smallpox.
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Description
"The Renaissance and Reformation: A Quiz on Europe's Transformative Era" - Test your knowledge on the period between 1300 and 1600 in Europe, where the Renaissance and Reformation brought about significant changes in art, learning, and religious beliefs. Explore the key events, ideas, and figures that shaped this transformative era.
