Reticulo-Endothelial System and Skin

• Antibodies are produced by plasma cells.

Reticulo-Endothelial System

• All cells of the reticuloendothelial system are able to phagocytose particular matter.
• All cells of the reticuloendothelial system have phagocytic ability.
• All cells of the reticuloendothelial system possess receptor sites for antibodies.
• Osteocytes are not mononuclear phagocytic cells.
• Plasma cells are not members of the reticulo-endothelial system.

The skin

• The malpighian layer is formed of germinal, prickle cell and granular layers.
• The prickle cell layer is not adherent to each other by tight junctions.
• The stratum lucidum does not contain basophilic keratohylin granules.
• Epidermis of the thin skin does contain a clear layer.
• Cells of the granular layer of the epidermis contain acidophilic keratohyalin granules.
• The function of Langerhans cells of the skin is macrophage.
• The function of Merkel cells of the skin is touch sensation.
• The color of the skin is due to melanin pigments.
• Melanin pigments are stored in the melanocytes.
• Melanin pigments are formed in the melanocytes.
• Pacinian corpuscles are seen in all layers of the skin.
• Stratum spinosum is seen in the epidermis.
• Arrector pili muscles are smooth muscles.
• The hypodermis is subcutaneous tissue which binds the skin to adjacent organs.
• The epidermis of thick skin has a clear layer (stratum lucidum).
• Thin skin contains sebaceous glands.
• The function of Langerhans cells in the skin is unknown.
• Cells in the stratum spinosum are polyhedral.
• Arrector pili muscles are found in the dermis of thin skin.
• The epidermis of thick skin has fine free nerve endings.
• Epidermis is formed of none of the above.
• The function of Merkel cells in the skin is touch sensation.
• Cells in the stratum granulosum are squamous.
• The stratum granulosum contains keratohyaline granules.
• Langerhans cell plays an immunological role in the skin.
• Thin skin contains hair follicle.

Digestive System

• The oral cavity is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.
• The vermilion border is found between the junction of the outer and inner surface of the lip.
• The free red margin of the lip contains all of the above.
• Labial and buccal glands are accessory seromucous salivary glands.
• Circumvallate papillae are surrounded by a deep groove and have numerous taste buds.
• Taste buds are all of the above.
• Taste buds are sensory receptors.
• Basked cells are contractile in action.
• Cells of serous acini at EM level show the features of protein synthesis.
• Striated ducts are called so due to the presence of acidophilic basal striations (basal infoldings).
• The main duct of the parotid gland is lined with stratified squamous epithelium.
• The parotid gland is a compound tubulo-alveolar exocrine gland.
• Serous demilune is a mixed unit of mucous and serous cells in mixed glands.
• Alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans secrete glucagon.
• Delta cells of the islets of Langerhans secrete somatostatin.
• Blood flow in liver lobules passes along sinusoids from the hepatic artery and portal vein to the central vein.
• Hepatocyte is characterized by the presence of all of the above.
• Liver acini are hexagonal in shape.
• The space of Disse contains microvilli.
• The space of Disse is between adjacent liver cells.
• Bile canaliculi are lined by plasma membrane of hepatocytes.
• The basal part of the cytoplasm of the striated ducts is acidophilic due to the presence of mitochondria.
• The centro-acinar cells of the pancreas secrete secretin.
• The apical part of the cytoplasm of the pancreatic acini is acidophilic due to the presence of Secretory granules.
• Hepatic blood sinusoids are lined by Endothelial cells and cells of Disse. Cell types, their location, and a general understanding of their functions are important.
• Serous demilunes are present in the submandibular gland.
• Longitudinally arranged mitochondria are located between the basal infolding of striated ducts.
• The pancreas possesses islets of Langerhans.
• Hepatic blood sinusoids deliver blood to the central vein.
• Hepatocytes are large polyhydral cells.
• The space of Disse is between Hepatocyte cell membrane and endothelium of blood sinusoids.

Endocrine Glands

• Rathk's pouch is a down-growth of the floor of the third ventricle.
• Adenohypophysis includes Pars intermedia.
• Blood vessels which carry blood directly from one capillary plexus to another without returning to general circulation are defined as portal circulation.
• Vasopresin and oxytocin are formed in the Hypothalamus.
• In section of pars nervosa of the hypophysis you can see nerve cells and nerve fibers.
• Pars nervosa of the hypophysis does contain Herring bodies.
• Cells of pars nervosa are nerve cells.
• The pars nervosa contains Endocrine secretory cells.
• Herring bodies are seen in Pars nervosa of pituitary gland.
• Pituicytes are present in the Pars nervosa.
• Lactogenic hormone is secreted by Mammotropic cells.
• Oxyphil cells of the parathyroid gland are acidophilic due to the presence of Mitochondria.
• The colloid in thyroid follicles contains thyroglobulin.
• One of the essential organoids of the thyroid follicular cells is Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
• Normal parathyroid glands of adults possess Thick connective tissue capsule.
• Features of the parathyroid gland are Septa divides the glands into lobules.
• Thyroid interfollicular cells secrete Calcitonin hormone.
• Thyroid parafollicular (C) cells secrete Calcitonin hormone.
• Pars nervosa contains all the following except Nerve cells.
• Main EM feature of zona glomerulosa cells is abundant SER, because the secretion is Lipid in nature.
• The spongiocytes are seen in Suprarenal medulla.
• Zona reticularis secretes Androgens only.
• Chromaffin cells are present in Suprarenal medulla.
• The main ultrastructural feature of the zona fasciculata cells is the presence of Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
• The adreno corticotrophic hormone is secreted from Adenohypophysis.
• The adrenal Cortex secretes Glucagon
• Cells that synthesize steroid hormones typically have Well developed SER
• The spongiocytes are seen in The skin.
• Oxytocin are synthesized in Hypothalamus.
• The pars nervosa Is connected to the brain by infundibular stalk .
• Mineralocorticoids are secreted from zona fasciculata.
• The adrenal medulla contains the following EXCEPT Androgen secreting cells .
• Chromaffin cells of the suprarenal medulla produce epinephrine o odi to enomovos
• Thyroid follicles Contain thyroglobulin
• Oxiphil cells are present in Parathyroid gland
• Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) is produced by Acidophils of the pars intermedia
• Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is produced by Neurosecretory cells in the median eminence
• Pituicytes are Neuroglia like cells