Retail Sector Trends and Growth in India
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Questions and Answers

How does the increasing technological knowledge of consumers impact the retail sector?

  • It decreases the demand for personalized shopping experiences.
  • It allows consumers to quickly compare prices and make informed decisions, influencing their shopping experience. (correct)
  • It makes consumers more reliant on traditional retail outlets.
  • It reduces the importance of online shopping platforms.

By what year is the retail sector in India expected to reach a value of US$ 1.9 trillion?

  • 2030 (correct)
  • 2035
  • 2025
  • 2026

Which country currently has the highest number of e-retail shoppers?

  • The UK
  • The US
  • China (correct)
  • India

What percentage of India's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is accounted for by the retail sector?

<p>10% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of employment in India does the retail sector account for?

<p>8% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on provided data, which country's retail market was predicted to surpass the US retail market?

<p>China (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors are excluded from the total retail sales figures for China and the US?

<p>Travel and event tickets, payments, food services, and gambling-related sales (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

India is projected to be the fastest-growing retail market and is expected to cross what value by 2026?

<p>$1.4 trn (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nestle India's expansion strategy, as described, primarily focuses on which type of market?

<p>A combination of rural and semi-urban areas, termed 'rurban'. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the approximate percentage increase in Nestle India's overall distribution network from 2016 to 2022?

<p>27.5% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Nestle India's strategy of increasing its distribution network contribute to its competitive advantage?

<p>It enhances brand visibility and accessibility in diverse markets. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of retail formats does Seven & i Holdings operate?

<p>Convenience stores, supermarkets, departmental stores, and e-commerce. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately, what was the percentage growth of Seven & i Holdings' stores in FY2022?

<p>7.7% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geographic regions are the primary focus for Seven & i Holdings' retail operations?

<p>Japan and 18 countries and territories overseas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the global presence of Seven & i Holdings impact its business strategy?

<p>It requires adaptation to diverse consumer preferences and regulatory environments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the retail footprint strategies of both Nestle India and Seven & i Holdings, what is a key difference in their approach to market expansion?

<p>Nestle emphasizes deepening rural coverage, while Seven &amp; i focuses on increasing the number of stores globally. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary skill enhancement is required for salespeople or consultants in the described selling approach?

<p>Specialized training related to the specific selling method. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of automated vending kiosks is most appealing to customers?

<p>Ease of access. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical factor that determines the success of the e-tailing business model?

<p>The range of products offered and efficient delivery. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'click and mortar' strategy in the context of retail?

<p>A method where retailers operate both physical stores and online platforms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Indian government body is responsible for creating policies related to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)?

<p>Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Indian government, what constitutes Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)?

<p>Investment in the capital of Indian companies by entities outside of India. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two primary routes through which Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) can enter India?

<p>Automatic and Government/Approval routes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is prior approval from the Indian Government required for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)?

<p>For investments through the government/approval route. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies a Business-to-Business (B2B) e-commerce model?

<p>A company selling cloud storage services to another company. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A small bakery decides to start selling its products online. Which set of services would they most likely need to effectively operate their online store?

<p>Payment gateway, shipping and logistics, and an online store platform. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) e-commerce model, what is the primary characteristic of the transaction?

<p>A consumer selling products or services to another consumer. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario exemplifies a Consumer-to-Business (C2B) e-commerce interaction?

<p>A consumer offering their photography services to a company for their advertising campaign. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company provides cloud computing services to a government agency. Which e-commerce category does this BEST represent?

<p>Business-to-Government (B2G) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A government agency launches an online portal that allows citizens to pay their taxes online. Which e-commerce category does this BEST represent?

<p>Government-to-Consumer (G2C) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An individual uses an online platform to submit their feedback on a proposed environmental regulation to a government agency. Which e-commerce category does this BEST represent?

<p>Consumer-to-Government (C2G) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A government entity outsources its IT infrastructure management to a private company. Which e-commerce category does that represent?

<p>Government-to-Business (G2B) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A retailer is considering expanding into a new country. Which piece of information from the 'Quick Snapshot' would be MOST useful in initially assessing the potential market size?

<p>Total revenue. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A customer values the ability to physically inspect a product before purchasing it. Which multi-channel retailing type would BEST satisfy this customer's need?

<p>Store channel. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A small business wants to start selling its products with minimal upfront investment in physical infrastructure. Which multi-channel retailing type would be MOST suitable for them?

<p>Internet channel. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company aims to provide a personalized shopping experience where trained representatives can demonstrate product features directly to potential customers. Which multi-channel retailing type aligns BEST with this goal?

<p>Direct Selling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A retailer wants to clear out excess inventory quickly by offering a discount on a particular product line. Which multi-channel retailing method would allow them to reach the broadest audience in a short amount of time?

<p>Television home shopping. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a scenario where a consumer needs a product immediately, such as a beverage at a train station. Which retail channel BEST addresses this immediate need?

<p>Automated vending machines. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company is launching a new product and wants to provide customers with detailed product information and high-quality images, but without the costs associated with a physical store. Which multi-channel retailing method is MOST suitable?

<p>Internet channel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A retailer primarily uses a store channel but wants to expand its reach to customers who live in remote areas. Which additional channel would BEST complement their existing strategy?

<p>Direct selling. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor contributing to the prevalence of vending machine culture in Japan?

<p>High population density coupled with a cultural preference for convenience. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Inditex's (Zara's parent company) strategy regarding online and offline operations?

<p>Further integrating online and offline operations to create a more seamless customer experience. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Zara's digital sales change in 2020?

<p>Increased by 77%. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of IKEA's total sales were accounted for by online channels in 2021?

<p>26 percent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following investments is Inditex making to bolster Zara's business model?

<p>Investing 2.7 billion euros to further integrate its online and offline operations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides snacks and drinks, what other types of items are commonly sold in Japanese vending machines?

<p>Toys, tobacco, and novelty items like canned cakes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how many visitors did IKEA's online channels have in 2021?

<p>5 billion visitors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason behind Inditex's decision to allocate 1.7 billion euros to its store network?

<p>To make it more in sync with its online business. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Nestle's Direct Distribution (2022)

Nestle India expanded to 1.5 million outlets.

Nestle's Total Distribution Network (2022)

Nestle's total distribution network reached 5.1 million outlets by including direct and indirect methods.

Nestle's Distribution Growth (2016-2022)

Nestle increased its network from four million outlets.

Seven & i Holdings Businesses

Seven & i Holdings operates convenience, supermarkets and departmental stores.

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Seven & i Holdings Global Presence

Includes Japan and 18 countries/territories.

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Seven & i Holdings Store Growth (FY2022)

Seven & i Holdings added 6,035 stores.

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Seven & i Holdings Total Stores (FY2022)

78,541 stores globally.

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Rurban Growth Strategy

reaching customers in rural and urban areas.

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Knowledgeable Consumer

Consumers who are knowledgeable about technology and skilled in using digital tools to enhance their shopping experiences.

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India's Retail Market Growth

India is predicted to be a rapidly expanding retail market.

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Indian Retail Market Size in 2030

Expected total value of the Indian retail sector by 2030.

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India's E-Retail Ranking

India ranks third in the world for the number of online shoppers.

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Retail's GDP Contribution (India)

The retail sector's contribution to the country's total economic output.

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Retail Employment (India)

Percentage of total employment provided by the retail sector in India.

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Dominant Retail Market (Historically)

The country that was the largest retail market for almost a century.

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Future Retail Market Leader

The country expected to overtake the US as the largest retail market.

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Non-Store Based Retailing

Selling products to customers outside of physical stores, such as through vending machines or online.

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Automated Vending Kiosks

Kiosks that automatically dispense products after payment.

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E-tailing

Selling products to customers online using the internet.

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Click and Mortar Model

A business strategy combining both online and physical stores.

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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

Investment from foreign sources into a country's businesses.

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DPIIT

The government department responsible for FDI policy.

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Objective of FDI Policy

Boosting domestic capital, technology, and skills through FDI.

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Definition of FDI (India)

Investment by non-residents in Indian companies' capital.

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Online Stores

Connects buyers and sellers online.

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Payment Gateway

Processes online transactions securely.

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Digital Wallet

Stores digital funds for online use.

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Shipping and Logistics

Handles the delivery of goods purchased online.

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Business-to-Consumer (B2C)

A business sells to individual consumers online.

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Business-to-Business (B2B)

Businesses selling products/services to other businesses.

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Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)

Consumers selling to other consumers online.

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Consumer-to-Business (C2B)

Consumers sell products/services to businesses

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Unattended Vending Machines

Machines that operate without staff to sell items such as drinks, snacks, toys and novelty goods.

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Japan's Automation in Commerce

A country that is advanced in using automation for retail convenience.

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Multichannel Distribution

Using multiple methods to reach customers, both online and offline.

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IKEA's Online Sales (2021)

A furniture company that saw a large increase in online sales in 2021.

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IKEA's Online Sales Percentage (2021)

The percentage of IKEA's total sales that came from online channels in 2021.

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Zara's Digital Business

A clothing retailer that focused on growing its digital business.

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Zara's Digital Sales Growth (2020)

The increase in Zara's digital sales during 2020.

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Inditex's Investment

The amount Inditex is investing to combine Zara's online and offline operations.

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Store Channel

A retail channel with physical storefronts where customers can see, touch, and experience products directly.

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Internet Channel

A retail channel where products are marketed and sold to customers over the internet.

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Catalogue Channel

A non-store retail channel using printed catalogs to display products and take orders via mail or phone.

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Direct Selling

A retail channel involving sales representatives who directly interact with customers, often at their homes or offices.

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Television Home Shopping

A retail channel where products are displayed on television programs, and customers place orders via phone, internet, or remote.

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Automated Vending Machines

A retail channel where machines dispense products automatically in exchange for payment.

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Multi-Channel Retailing

Selling goods through multiple channels such as physical stores, online, and mobile apps.

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Tangibility

Shopping online provides convenience that isn't available in brick and mortar stores

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Study Notes

Retail Management - Unit 1

  • The unit covers definition and functions of retailing, the retail sector in India, market size, drivers and challenges of retail chain in India, organized versus unorganized retail, modern retail formats, and e-commerce versus quick commerce in India

Retail Market – Introduction

  • Retailing includes all activities related to the sale of goods and services to the ultimate (final) consumers for personal and non-business use
  • The word "retail" is derived from an old French word "retailier" which translates to cutting off or to break bulk
  • A trader selling goods in small quantities can be called a retailer.

Key Elements of Retail

Key elements include:

  • Design, Strategy and Planning
  • Merchandising
  • Operations
  • Supply Chain and Logistics
  • Marketing Branding and Customer Experience Management

Significance of Retail as an Industry

  • Reasons for growth in prominence of the retailer include proximity to the end consumer. The retailer is the key link between the manufacturer and the consumer, which leads to substantial data access and insight to work closely to improvise a product
  • Proliferation of technology and growth of the Internet enables the sharing of information between retail stores, warehouses, manufacturers and consumers.
  • E-commerce and e-retail has fueled the rise of newer business models, multi-channel and omni-channel retailing
  • Introduction of the private label, this means retailers are no longer dependent on the manufacturers to sell and have emerged as the new leaders in the marketing channel, creating private labels to serve a niche market and earn high margins.
  • Changing business models include: e-retailing and ecommerce, online shopping, auction sites, click and collect, cloud kitchens, and network of delivery-only chains that are facilitated by technology
  • Increasing significance of sustainability. Retailers are moving to alternate sources of power, relooking at the packaging and moving towards alternate packaging and are choosing circular business models to eliminate waste to drive positive impact across the value chain and improve competitiveness
  • Growth of the sharing economy includes sharing economy or collaborative consumption related to pre-owned and pre-used products which transaction is between two consumers enabled by a platform
  • Growth of outsourcing entails many retailers are outsourcing their Information Technology needs and the last mile logistics
  • The age of experience is impacted and increased with online retail and the convenience of shopping anytime, anywhere. A knowledgeable consumer who is adept at using the tools and technology, has played a key role in gaining unique shopping experience

Retail India – Market Size

  • India is the fastest growing retail market and will cross $1.4 trillion by 2026
  • The retail sector in India is expected to reach a whopping US$ 1.9 trillion in value by 2030
  • India has the third-highest number of e-retail shoppers behind China and the US
  • It accounts for over 10% of the country's gross domestic product (GDP) and around 8% of the employment

China's & US Retail Market Size

  • For almost a century, the US retail market has been the largest but China was expected to claim this soon.
  • Note that this data is from May 2020.

Retail India Market – Split

  • The market is split between organized and unorganized retail. Organised retail comprises only 10%-15% of the market as opposed to unorganised retail at 85%-90%
  • Unorganised retail includes local bania/kirana stores, paanwala, road side vendors, mandis, haats and melas

Reliance Retail

  • Reliance Retail Venture Ltd (RRVL), the retail arm of Mukesh Ambani-led RIL, crossed the Rs 3 lakh crore revenue mark in FY24
  • Reliance Retail had a record footfall of over 1 billion at its 18,836 stores, and its registered customer base increased to 300 million
  • Reliance is India's largest retailer and is the only Indian retailer to feature among the top 100 global retailers

Retail Footprint

  • Parle-G was launched in 1939 and was called Parle Gluco until 1985. It was then rebranded to Parle-G in the mid-1980s.
  • There are 120 Parle-G factories in India
  • 400 million Parle-G biscuits are baked every day
  • 8.2 million are sold across retailers in India
  • Coca-Cola's products are now available at more than 4 million stores, compared to about 2.7 million in pre-pandemic times.
  • Kirana stores have been one of the biggest contributors of this growth
  • In line with the "rurban" growth strategy, Nestle India has expanded its direct distribution to 1.5 million outlets in 2022 and is also deepening its rural coverage. The FMCG major has increased its overall distribution network to 5.1 million outlets, which includes direct and indirect distribution in 2022, from 4 million outlets in 2016
  • Seven & i Holdings is a diversified retailing company that manages and operates various businesses through its subsidiaries and franchises.
  • It operates convenience stores, supermarkets, departmental stores, specialty stores, e-commerce platforms, and restaurants in Japan and 18 countries and territories overseas
  • In FY2022, the company added 6,035 stores to its portfolio bringing the total store count to 78,541 globally

Top 10 Global Retailers

  • Walmart's 2022 global revenue stood at a whopping $572.7 billion
  • Walmart though being mainly US focused, continues to expand internationally with 23% of its revenue now coming from outside the US giving an 4% higher margin than Amazon
  • With $469.8 Billion in revenue, Amazon is the biggest online retailer globally
  • The higher market capitalization of the business comes to its 5-year growth rate of 22% compared to just 1% for Walmart
  • Due to its massively profitable cloud computing business, amazon made $10 billion in profit for the last financial year
  • Costco proved that the big store model can definitely initiate high volume. This value big-box retail generated $141 billion in sales from just 833 sites
  • Schwarz Group from Germany has the highest revenue among non-US contenders at 63%
  • Schwarz's revenue totaled $158 billion
  • Kroger managed an exceptional feat of generating $137.8 billion in revenues from just 2,800 US stores, with 0 international presence
  • Walgreens Boot Alliance generated $134.9 billion in revenues, of which, 13% of their overall sales were coming from international businesses
  • Home Depot is is the only home improvement company in the top 10 and did sales of $151.2 billion
  • Aldi (Germany) has grown in popularity; 70% of sales now occur outside Germany
  • Aldi's estimated sales is about $121 billion and spread across 11,235 stores
  • Carrefour (France) is Europe's biggest supermarket chain by sales

Retailing – Functions

Functions including:

  • Providing Assortments. Retailers curate a collection of products and sources and this curated collection enables customers to choose brands, designs, and sizes at just one accessible location.
  • Breaking Bulk. It is cost effective to package and ship in bulk quantities as it reduces transportation cost, so retailers buy massive quantities and offer customers their desired amount.
  • Holding Inventory to user-friendly sizes accessible for customers
  • Providing Convenient Locations and Timings are fulfilled by retailers by choosing accessible and quick to reach locations
  • Recording and Providing Feedback in the form of sales forecast, defective items, delays, complaints & inventory turnover which are relayed to the wholesaler
  • Creating Time, Place and Ownership Utility by ensuring a product is available when the customer wants it and at a convenient location

Significance of Retail as an Industry

  • Dominance of the Producer
  • Dominance of the wholesaler
  • The era of the Retailer
  • The age of the Consumer
  • The age of experience

Retail Formats

Retail formats are classified into Store-Based and Non-Store Based Retailing

Store-Based Retailing

  • Stores allow customers to purchase products after their practicality. Tangibility plays a major role here and people often like to understand, feel and touch the offering before procurement
  • Store-based retailing is classified based on : ‘form of Ownership" and "merchandise offered"

A. Form of Ownership

The various forms are:

  • Independent Retailer is an independent retailer manages only one outlet who often have healthy relations with their customers and restricted bargaining power with the supplier
  • Chain Retailers are people who own and manage two or more outlets sell the same brands, products, and standardize business processes
  • These retailers have influential bargaining power with their supplier
  • Franchise Stores are when a party grants permission to another one to use trademark to produce marketing items, commodity and service stipulations

B. Merchandise Offered

The various types of Store-Based Retailing include:

  • Convenience Stores are found near residential areas as small local locations selling groceries open until late night, for customers who require a quick purchase within 500 to 1,500 sq. ft.
  • Supermarkets are huge, low cost/margin stores and are there are self-service processes to meet the needs for groceries/ non-food related items of around 800 to 5,000 sq. ft.
  • Department Stores are huge stores selling several product lines serving as department stores. It has a high service level, but the items are mostly non-edible and range from 5,000 to 40,000 sq. ft.
  • Hypermarkets are a combination of supermarkets and departmental store, these stores provide different food and non-food items and are normally sold at discounted prices. The range of store size ranges from 40,000 to 1,00,000 sq. ft.
  • Specialty Stores concentrate on one particular brand or category with a restrcited lines, but good amount of product depth.
  • Factory Outlets sold with retailers by products sold with the stores normally sell the parent company, so usually products are normally at sold at lower price than the other outlets

Non-Store Based Retailing

There are numerous types of non-store retailing:

  • Direct Selling retailers make personal contact. Commodities often sold are cosmetics, accessories, food, nutritional, educations format and require training
  • Televison Shopping offers specifications, products and jewelery on TV that can be delivered
  • Automated Vending Machines are accessible and offer convenience with items like chocolates, soft drinks, tea, and cigarettes
  • E-tailing also know as "click and mortar" are when products are offered via internet, depending on delivery and product range.

Policy Frameworks in Indian Retail

  • Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is regulated by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) and the objective is to attract FDI to bolster domestic capital, technology, and skills
  • FDI refers to the non-resident entities or persons outside India
  • The FDI policy delineates two entry routes: automatic and through the Government of India through the Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB)
  • There is a history to FDI and it allows for some forms of self-certification

Draft Policy on E-Commerce

The National e-Commerce policy aims to foster growth in the e-commerce sector while safeguarding consumer interests and supporting with domestic small manufacturers. It addresses infrastructure, regulatory, and ecosystem issues to create a facilitative environment

  • E-commerce websites/apps must ensure all product India's shipment go through the Customs, RBI and India Post systems
  • They prevent distortion effects like price,inventory, or vendor contro,l , ensuring fair competition among all participants; this includes Maximum detail information for sales (max retail price)
  • India's retail sector has evolved and transitioned from post-colonial to becoming the world's third-largest economy
  • It entails and reflects from lifestyles and change for retail sales

E-Commerce - Introduction

  • E-commerce entails for trade and services done over the internet
  • More informally it pertains to using a computeised service online through credits and debit card etc

E-Commerce – Categories

E-Commerce can be split into 8 different categories

  • Business to Customer (B2C) - example, Amazon.com
  • Business to Business (B2B) - example, Alibaba.com
  • Customer to Customer (C2C) - example, e bay
  • Customer to Business (C2B) - example, food Blogger sharing food with restaurants
  • Business to Goverment: points to the usage of intwrnew for for the license process and other government-related processes
  • Governemtn to Bsuiness: exapmle, governenmt for the for the govermemt extends an to bussiness such with bussnes and service
  • Goverment to customner: exapmle In 226 for the govermebnt carrie 8 Customer to Government : transacts between the customer/ indiviudals and Goverment

E-Commerce - Types

A. Pure click model B. Brick and Click Model, that manages the online store along the physical

E-Commerce - Examples

  • Largest eCommerce Company: Amazon
  • Chinese eCommerce Company : Jingding
  • eCommerce Dragon: Alibaba Multinational eCommerce Enterprise, and it's business by multi billion dollar business
  • It has been utilizes The internet markeplace for and 32 different countries

M-Commerce

  • Also known as Mobile Commerce entales the usage of business through business smart gadgets tablets They enacble individuals for products and service by using the phones and devices

M-Commerce – Introduction

M commerce transaction involved banking

  1. Mobile banking 2 Infotrmation service 3 Tranfer 4 location based 5 electricy passs

M-Commerce -Examples

Walmart This has been a It provide an in shopping experience that provide easy to scan the mobile order It allow users the

  • Multi -channel retailing

  • Walmart It will store online easy

  • It provides by mobile for the more with is.

Types

Multi channel

This has the and the channel easy for them with the the products

Example - ikea

  • In the 2021 ikea online sales has 2 billion dollars by for total sales
  • Zara is douvbligg in the digital to
  • 70% of there sales are for the for that it to
  • The the e are for 2
  • I billion has to set to improve sale

Multichannel Distribution System Examples

  • This helps for the better
  • for the easy
  • It is also for the the easy for the help in more

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