PCM 13-19 hard

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Questions and Answers

According to the text, which approach to ethics emphasizes the development of virtues such as justice, courage, prudence, and temperance?

Character-based ethics (Virtue)

Which approach to ethics is associated with the concept of a social contract?

Contract-based ethics (Social Contract)

Which approach to ethics focuses on the consequences of actions rather than the inherent nature of the actions themselves?

Results-based ethics (Consequentialism)

Which approach to ethics is rooted in the concept of moral duty and obligation?

Duty-based ethics (Deontology) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a voluntary professional obligation mentioned in the text?

Attending professional organization meetings Signup and view all the answers

In what way does personal preference become an ethical issue, according to the text?

When it affects others, such as overseeing an employee's progress through IDP Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about practitioners' involvement in professional organizations?

It varies, with some getting very engaged and seeking leadership positions Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical approach emphasizes the importance of qualitative consequences and the need for experimentation?

Results-based ethics Signup and view all the answers

Who emphasized the importance of qualitative consequences and the need for experimentation in ethics?

William James Signup and view all the answers

What is another term for results-based ethics?

Consequentialism Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical approach argues that the goodness of an action is determined by its consequences?

Consequentialism Signup and view all the answers

What presents a major challenge for architecture's impact on animal habitats?

Consideration for the impact on all sentient beings Signup and view all the answers

Which approach to ethical issues in practice focuses on ensuring that the least fortunate benefit from every action?

Results-based ethics Signup and view all the answers

From a duty ethics perspective, what is the architect's obligation in the situation described?

To meet the client's needs and help them achieve their goals Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical approach raises questions about the character of both the client and the architect in the situation described?

Social-contract perspective Signup and view all the answers

What did the architect's accommodation of the client's immoderate ambitions cast doubts on?

The character of the design practitioner Signup and view all the answers

What did the building's extreme design trigger in the architectural profession?

A broader conversation about the absurdity of such work Signup and view all the answers

What did representatives of the national organization overseeing IDP tell the intern when he complained about his principal not providing varied experiences?

"There was nothing they could do to force this architect to participate" Signup and view all the answers

What did representatives of the national organization overseeing IDP suggest to the intern when he complained about his principal not providing varied experiences?

There was nothing they could do to force this architect to participate Signup and view all the answers

According to duty-based ethics associated with Immanuel Kant, what is required in treating others?

As ends in themselves Signup and view all the answers

Who believed in living as close to nature as possible with minimal outside interference?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher believed in a fair distribution of resources for everyone?

John Rawls Signup and view all the answers

What did Thomas Hobbes see human nature as, and what did he argue for to maintain peace?

Wild; strong government Signup and view all the answers

What did medieval virtues like faith, hope, charity, and love have applications in architecture practice, according to the text?

'Faith', 'hope', 'charity', and 'love' all have applications in architecture practice Signup and view all the answers

What does Contract-Based Ethics view morality as?

A set of rules governing behavior under a social contract Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is embedded in professional licensure for architects?

Duty to clients, users, past generations, other species, and underserved populations Signup and view all the answers

What did Thomas Hobbes see human nature as?

Wild and aggressive Signup and view all the answers

What did Modern social-contract philosophers like John Rawls believe in?

A just distribution of resources for everyone Signup and view all the answers

What is one aspect of Architects' duties according to the text?

Duty extends beyond clients and includes past generations, other species, and underserved populations Signup and view all the answers

What is one aspect of Kant's categorical imperatives?

Treating others as ends in themselves only Signup and view all the answers

What is one consequence mentioned in the text regarding the 'architecture of good intentions'?

Results in unintended negative outcomes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Architects can exhibit fairness, courage, judgment, and self-control to successfully serve clients and retain staff, as well as be well regarded among colleagues.
Medieval virtues like faith, hope, charity, and love also have applications in architecture practice, such as having faith in one's abilities, giving hope for better environments, showing charity towards clients and users, and loving the act of designing.
Contract-Based Ethics views morality as a set of rules governing behavior in a society under a social contract, with people following the rules for mutual benefit.
Thomas Hobbes saw human nature as wild and argued for a strong government to maintain peace, while Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed in living as close to nature as possible with minimal outside interference.
Modern social-contract philosophers like John Rawls believed in a fair distribution of resources for everyone.
Architects have a duty to clients, users, past generations, other species, and underserved populations, which is embedded in professional licensure.
Duty-based ethics, associated with Immanuel Kant, requires treating others as ends in themselves and judging actions as if they were to become universal.
Kant's categorical imperatives include treating others as ends in themselves and judging every action as if it were to become universal.
The architecture industry has produced an "architecture of good intentions" that may overlook negative impacts.
Architects' duties extend beyond clients and include past generations, other species, and underserved populations.
Social contract philosophers' views on the good life and social contract have parallels in architecture.
Hobbes' view of human nature and early life influenced generations of architects reacting to urban decay.
Rousseau's perspective on early life influenced the rise of suburbanization and the modern desire to live close to nature.
Rawls' idea of a veil of ignorance justifies laws and strategies like the Americans with Disabilities Act and universal design.

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