Restrictive Lung Disease Overview

<p>High altitude aviation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Steroids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moldy hay or grain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chest tightness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bronchoalveolar lavage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small rounded nodular opacities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Foundry work (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eggshell calcification of lymph nodes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Restrictive lung disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lower lobes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bronchogenic carcinoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrophage reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemoptysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small particles can penetrate deep into the lungs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pleural plaques (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tuberculosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coal dust (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asbestosis is primarily an upper lobe disease. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic bronchitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Failure to draw air into the lungs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normal or greater than 80% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normal A-a gradient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scoliosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Restricts lung inflation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple sclerosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Restrictive is primarily a problem of lung inflation; obstructive involves difficulty in exhalation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breathing mechanics are impaired without lung damage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of fibrous and inflammatory tissue in the interstitium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Honeycombing pattern (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interstitial lung disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By measuring carbon monoxide uptake (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interstitial lung disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interstitial lung disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is characterized by slow onset dyspnea in older adults. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scleroderma and rheumatoid arthritis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DLCO less than 40% of predicted (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interstitial lung disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exposure to asbestos (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may cause low DLCO due to reduced red blood cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have varying pathways and effects in the lung. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pleura</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>atrial</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>farmers'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>bronchoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>in</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>physiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>scoliosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>structural</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>treat</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>silica</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>inflammatory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DLCO</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>eggshell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>honeycomb</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>silicosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>restrictive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>asbestos</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>extra</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>asbestosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>dyspnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pneumoconiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>vascular</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>systemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pneumoconiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>carbon monoxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>abrasive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>resection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>sarcoidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>parenchymal</p> Signup and view all the answers

A lung condition where the lungs can't fully expand, resulting in reduced air intake.

Less air is moved in and out of the lungs.

Reduced air exhaled in one second, due to lower initial intake.

The ratio of air exhaled in one second to total exhaled air is normal or higher.

Problems with the process of breathing in and out of the lungs.

Diseases affecting lung tissues between the air sacs.

Conditions like ALS, polio or myasthenia gravis can hinder lung muscle activation, affecting breathing and lung function.

Conditions such as scoliosis and morbid obesity result in restricted lung expansion.

Occupational lung diseases caused by inhaling dust particles during work.

Lung disease caused by inhaling coal dust, characterized by small rounded nodules on chest x-ray, often affecting the upper lobes.

Lung disease caused by inhaling silica dust, often from quartz, granite, or sandstone. It's the most common pneumoconiosis in the US.

Macrophages are the cells that react to silica, leading to inflammation and collagen buildup, causing restrictive lung disease.

Workers with silicosis have a higher risk of tuberculosis due to impaired macrophage function, which normally kills the tuberculosis bacteria.

Workers in foundries (metal casting), sandblasting, and mining are at high risk for silicosis due to silica dust exposure.

Eggshell calcification of lymph nodes is a classic x-ray finding in silicosis, showing a well-defined white area around the lymph node.

Lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers, used commonly for insulation. It primarily affects the lower lobes.

Asbestosis leads to interstitial lung disease, pleural plaques (thickening of the lining of the lungs), and an increased risk of lung cancer.

Pleural plaques are seen on chest x-ray as white areas at the edges of the lungs, often in occupational workers with asbestos exposure.

Asbestos bodies, also known as ferruginous bodies, are seen on lung biopsy. They are long, string-like structures with a coating of iron and protein.

Asbestos increases the risk of both bronchogenic carcinoma (lung cancer) and mesothelioma, a rare lung cancer.

Mesothelioma develops decades after asbestos exposure, often with pleural thickening and effusion (fluid in the lung lining).

Symptoms of asbestosis appear gradually, including shortness of breath, cough, and chest pain.

These are anti-cancer drugs that can cause interstitial lung disease (ILD).

An anti-arrhythmic drug used to treat irregular heartbeats, but can increase the risk of ILD with higher doses.

An anti-inflammatory drug that can also lead to ILD.

An allergic reaction in the lungs caused by environmental triggers like dust, mold, or chemicals.

A classic example of hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by inhaling moldy hay or grain dust.

Individuals who handle birds are at risk for hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to exposure to bird waste dust.

A procedure where fluid is washed from the lungs to analyze cells and diagnose hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Avoiding exposure and sometimes using steroids to reduce inflammation.

A group of diseases affecting the lung tissue surrounding the air sacs (alveoli). This affects lung expansion and gas exchange.

The interstitium (space between alveoli) becomes thick and stiff, preventing the lungs from expanding fully. It often involves inflammation and scarring.

It causes a restrictive lung pattern, meaning the lungs can't take in as much air as they should. Difficulty breathing, especially with exertion, is common.

X-rays and CT scans often show a 'honeycomb' pattern - small, irregular white areas with dark spaces in between.

A test measuring the ability of the lungs to transfer carbon monoxide gas to red blood cells.

Patients with interstitial lung disease have a low DLCO because the thickened lung tissue hinders gas transfer.

75 to 140% of predicted, indicating normal lung function.

It suggests the lungs are not transferring gas to red blood cells efficiently.

Besides Interstitial Lung Disease, emphysema, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary embolism, lung resection, and anemia can also cause a low DLCO.

A type of Interstitial Lung Disease where the lung tissue becomes increasingly scar-like and stiff.

Slowly developing shortness of breath, typically affecting people over 40.

Conditions like scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, Goodpasture's, Wegener's, and sarcoidosis can affect the lungs and cause an interstitial pattern.

Interstitial lung diseases caused by environmental exposure to dust and particles, like coal dust or silica.

Amiodarone and methotrexate are examples of drugs that can cause lung damage, leading to interstitial lung disease.

An inflammatory response in the lungs caused by an allergic reaction to inhaled substances, like mold or bird droppings.

The ratio of FEV1 to FVC is normal or increased.

Conditions like ALS, polio or myasthenia gravis affect lung muscle control, leading to restricted lung function.

Conditions like scoliosis and obesity limit lung expansion due to physical limitations.

It's normal, because the lung tissue itself is healthy.

It's abnormal, reflecting impaired gas exchange in the damaged lung tissue.

Avoiding the trigger! If symptoms are severe, steroids can be used to reduce inflammation.

It's an allergic reaction that causes inflammation and damage in the lung tissue, making breathing difficult.

Macrophages are the cells that react to silica, leading to inflammation and collagen buildup, causing restrictive lung disease.

A classic x-ray finding in silicosis, showing a well-defined white area around the lymph node.

A rare cancer of the lining of the lungs, caused by asbestos exposure.

Asbestosis leads to interstitial lung disease, pleural plaques (thickening of the lining of the lungs), and an increased risk of lung cancer.

Long, string-like structures with a coating of iron and protein, found on lung biopsy in patients with asbestosis.

Thickening of the lining of the lungs, seen on chest x-ray in patients with asbestosis.

Asbestosis symptoms appear gradually, including shortness of breath, cough, and chest pain.

Coal worker's lung and silicosis primarily affect the upper lobes of the lungs.

Asbestosis primarily affects the lower lobes of the lungs.

A lung condition where the lungs can't expand fully, limiting the amount of air they can hold.

It can be caused by problems with the lungs themselves (like Interstitial Lung Disease), or by issues with the muscles that control breathing, or by physical limitations like obesity.

Chest X-rays and CT scans often show a 'honeycomb' pattern - small, irregular white areas with dark spaces in between.

People with Interstitial Lung Disease have a low DLCO because the thickened lung tissue hinders gas transfer, so less carbon monoxide reaches the blood.

Conditions like Scleroderma, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Goodpasture's syndrome, Wegener's granulomatosis, and Sarcoidosis can all affect the lungs and cause Interstitial Lung Disease.

Conditions like ALS, polio, or myasthenia gravis affect the muscles controlling breathing, leading to less lung capacity.

Conditions like scoliosis (curved spine) or obesity limit lung expansion due to physical limitations.