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Questions and Answers
What is a defining feature of RESTful APIs?
What is a defining feature of RESTful APIs?
Which of the following HTTP methods is NOT typically used in RESTful APIs?
Which of the following HTTP methods is NOT typically used in RESTful APIs?
How does statelessness benefit RESTful web services?
How does statelessness benefit RESTful web services?
Which principle does NOT apply to RESTful APIs?
Which principle does NOT apply to RESTful APIs?
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What concept refers to the server retaining information about a client across multiple requests?
What concept refers to the server retaining information about a client across multiple requests?
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Which of the following best describes a REST architectural style?
Which of the following best describes a REST architectural style?
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RESTful APIs primarily utilize which mechanism to create a representation of a resource?
RESTful APIs primarily utilize which mechanism to create a representation of a resource?
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What is the main purpose of HTTP request methods in the context of REST?
What is the main purpose of HTTP request methods in the context of REST?
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What characteristic of the POST method indicates that it is not safe?
What characteristic of the POST method indicates that it is not safe?
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Which HTTP method is characterized as idempotent?
Which HTTP method is characterized as idempotent?
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Which of the following HTTP methods is not cacheable?
Which of the following HTTP methods is not cacheable?
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What type of response do informational responses like 100 Continue provide?
What type of response do informational responses like 100 Continue provide?
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What is the primary purpose of the DELETE method in HTTP?
What is the primary purpose of the DELETE method in HTTP?
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Which of the following statements is true about the GET method?
Which of the following statements is true about the GET method?
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Which HTTP response class includes client error responses?
Which HTTP response class includes client error responses?
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What does the status code 101 signify?
What does the status code 101 signify?
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What indicates that the server has received a request but has not yet acted on it?
What indicates that the server has received a request but has not yet acted on it?
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Which status code signifies that the request succeeded, but there is no content to return?
Which status code signifies that the request succeeded, but there is no content to return?
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Which of the following status codes is used when the server switches protocols?
Which of the following status codes is used when the server switches protocols?
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What is the meaning of the status code 401?
What is the meaning of the status code 401?
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What does the status code 409 signify?
What does the status code 409 signify?
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Which status code indicates that metadata returned is not authoritative and is from another source?
Which status code indicates that metadata returned is not authoritative and is from another source?
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Which HTTP response code indicates that a client error has occurred due to a malformed request?
Which HTTP response code indicates that a client error has occurred due to a malformed request?
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What code is primarily used for sending early hints to preload resources?
What code is primarily used for sending early hints to preload resources?
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What is the main purpose of URIs in relation to RESTful APIs?
What is the main purpose of URIs in relation to RESTful APIs?
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Which of the following is a recommended best practice for creating URIs for RESTful web services?
Which of the following is a recommended best practice for creating URIs for RESTful web services?
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When structuring URIs, which of the following best reflects the hierarchical relationships between resources?
When structuring URIs, which of the following best reflects the hierarchical relationships between resources?
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In the context of RESTful APIs, what HTTP method should be used to update an existing resource?
In the context of RESTful APIs, what HTTP method should be used to update an existing resource?
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Which is an appropriate use of query parameters in RESTful URIs?
Which is an appropriate use of query parameters in RESTful URIs?
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Why should hyphens be used in URI paths?
Why should hyphens be used in URI paths?
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What is the purpose of versioning in API design?
What is the purpose of versioning in API design?
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What does a 502 Bad Gateway error indicate?
What does a 502 Bad Gateway error indicate?
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Which structure would align best with recommended practices for a RESTful URI representing a collection of users?
Which structure would align best with recommended practices for a RESTful URI representing a collection of users?
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Which of the following is a cause for a 503 Service Unavailable error?
Which of the following is a cause for a 503 Service Unavailable error?
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Which component of a URI specifies the protocol used to access the resource?
Which component of a URI specifies the protocol used to access the resource?
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What does the Authority component of a URI include?
What does the Authority component of a URI include?
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How can the Query component of a URI be described?
How can the Query component of a URI be described?
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What is a URL?
What is a URL?
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What role does the Fragment component of a URI play?
What role does the Fragment component of a URI play?
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What should be included with a 503 Service Unavailable error response?
What should be included with a 503 Service Unavailable error response?
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Study Notes
REST Architectural Style
- REST (Representational State Transfer) is an architectural style for designing networked applications. It was introduced by Roy Fielding in 2000.
- RESTful refers to web services or APIs that adhere to the principles and constraints of REST.
- REST defines a set of constraints and principles for creating web services that are scalable, simple, and stateless.
- REST is commonly used over HTTP.
Statefulness and Statelessness
- Statelessness means each request is independent of any other. The server does not store information about previous requests.
- Statefulness means the server retains information about the client across multiple requests.
HTTP Methods
- HTTP methods are used to indicate the purpose of the request and what is expected if the request is successful.
- HTTP methods are also referred to as HTTP verbs.
- Each method has its own semantics.
Common HTTP Methods
- POST: submits an entity to a specified resource, often causing a change in the server's state. It is not idempotent or cacheable, and it is unsafe.
- GET: requests a representation of a resource. It is idempotent, safe, and cacheable.
- PUT: replaces all current representations of a resource with the request content. It is idempotent, not cacheable, and unsafe.
- DELETE: deletes a resource. It is idempotent, not cacheable, and unsafe.
- HEAD: requests the headers of a resource, similar to GET but without the body. It is idempotent, safe, and cacheable.
- CONNECT: establishes a tunnel to a server. This method is primarily used by web proxies.
- OPTIONS: describes the communication options for the target resource. It is safe and cacheable.
- TRACE: performs a message loop-back test. It is safe and cacheable.
- PATCH: applies partial modifications to a resource. This method allows clients to modify specific parts of a resource without replacing the entire resource. It is not idempotent, not cacheable, and unsafe.
HTTP Response Status Codes
- Indicate whether an HTTP request has been completed successfully.
- Responses are grouped into five classes: Informational, Successful, Redirection, Client Error, and Server Error.
- 100 - 199: Informational responses, typically used to indicate that the server has received the request and is processing it.
- 200 - 299: Successful responses, indicating that the request was successfully processed.
- 300 - 399: Redirection messages, instructing the client to try a different URL.
- 400 - 499: Client error responses, indicating that there was an error on the client's side (e.g., invalid request).
- 500 - 599: Server error responses, indicating that there was an error on the server's side (e.g., internal server error).
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
- A string of characters used to identify a resource on the internet.
- URIs enable interaction with resources over a network (e.g., the World Wide Web) using specific protocols.
- They provide a way to access and locate resources.
URI Components
- scheme: specifies the protocol used (e.g., http, https, ftp).
- authority: includes the domain name and optionally the port (e.g., www.example.com, user@host:8080).
- path: specifies the location of the resource on the server (e.g., /path/to/resource).
- query: provides additional parameters (e.g., ?key1=value1&key2=value2).
- fragment: indicates a specific part of the resource (e.g., #section1).
URI Types
- URL (Uniform Resource Locator): A subset of URIs that provides a means of accessing a resource by specifying its location on a network (e.g., https://www.example.com/index.html)
- URN (Uniform Resource Name): A subset of URIs that provides a unique name for a resource without implying its location or access mechanism (e.g., urn:isbn:978-3-16-148410-0).
Uses of URIs
- Web browsing: URLs are used to locate web pages and resources.
- APIs: URIs are used to access endpoints in RESTful APIs.
- Email: Mailto URIs specify email addresses.
- File access: File URIs specify file paths.
Best Practices in Making URIs for RESTful Web Services
- Use nouns to represent resources (e.g., /users instead of /getUsers).
- Use plural nouns for resource collections (e.g., /users, /orders).
- Reflect resource hierarchy and relationships in the URI structure (e.g., /users/{userId}/orders).
- Map CRUD operations to HTTP methods: GET for retrieving resources, POST for creating resources, PUT for updating resources, and DELETE for deleting resources.
- Use query parameters for filtering, sorting, and pagination (e.g., /users?sort=desc, /products?category=electronics&price_lt=100).
- Use hyphens to improve readability (e.g., /user-profiles).
- Avoid file extensions in URIs.
- Use resource nesting sparingly.
- Version your API.
- Use consistent resource names.
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Description
Test your knowledge on REST architectural style, its principles, and the differences between statefulness and statelessness. This quiz will also cover the common HTTP methods used in RESTful services. Perfect for beginners in web development!
