Respiratory Therapy Techniques
56 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of incentive spirometry?

  • To remove mucus build up from the lungs
  • To support ventilation during surgery or life-end measures
  • To encourage patients to take deep, slow breaths to fully expand lungs (correct)
  • To deliver oxygen and air into the lungs with pressure

    • What is the main difference between BiPAP and CPAP?

  • BiPAP has a timing feature, while CPAP has a single pressure setting (correct)
  • BiPAP is used for patients who require oxygen, while CPAP is used for patients who require air
  • BiPAP is used for patients with sleep apnea, while CPAP is used for patients with pneumonia
  • BiPAP is used for post-operation patients, while CPAP is used for respiratory patients

    • Why is it important to use sterile technique when suctioning an endotracheal tube?

  • To promote the growth of healthy bacteria in the lungs
  • To ensure the patient's comfort during the procedure
  • To prevent the tube from becoming clogged
  • To prevent the introduction of pathogens that can cause pneumonia and other respiratory illnesses (correct)

    • What is the purpose of the tracheostomy collar?

    <p>To promote breathing without the need for an endotracheal tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should the inner cannula of the tracheostomy collar be cleaned and replaced?

    <p>Every 8 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the chamber one in the chest tube system?

    <p>To remove drainage from the pleural space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal suction?

    <p>To remove secretions from the nose and mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to hyperoxygenate the patient before nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal suction?

    <p>To prevent hypoxia and to increase oxygen saturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a Foley catheter?

    <p>To accurately measure urinary output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement used to determine the outer diameter of a Foley catheter?

    <p>French</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring the tube from the nose to the earlobe and then to the xiphoid process during NGT insertion?

    <p>To estimate the correct tube length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of nutrition assessment in NGT feeding?

    <p>To determine the patient's nutritional needs and status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a pH indicator during NGT insertion?

    <p>To verify tube placement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to crush or dissolve medications in water before administering via NGT?

    <p>To prevent tube clogging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of post-insertion assessment during NGT feeding?

    <p>Evaluating patient tolerance to the tube and feeding regimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of securing the tube with tape or a tube holder during NGT insertion?

    <p>To prevent tube displacement or clogging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using a specialized formula in NGT feeding?

    <p>Supports specific nutritional needs (e.g., diabetes, renal disease)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to administer medications slowly and in small volumes via NGT?

    <p>To prevent tube clogging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of ongoing assessment during NGT feeding?

    <p>To evaluate patient's nutritional status and adjust feeding regimen as needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to evaluate patient's overall health and medical condition during pre-insertion assessment?

    <p>To assess patient's ability to cooperate with the procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a colostomy?

    <p>To allow for the passage of stool when the anus or rectum is not functioning properly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between an end colostomy and a loop colostomy?

    <p>The number of ends of the colon brought to the surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of proper ostomy care?

    <p>Reduces the risk of complications such as infection and skin irritation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in ostomy care?

    <p>Clean the stoma and surrounding skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of applying a barrier ring or paste during ostomy care?

    <p>To protect the skin from irritation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should the ostomy pouch be emptied?

    <p>Regularly, to prevent overflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of creating a stoma during ostomy surgery?

    <p>To allow for the passage of stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of ostomy care?

    <p>To promote healthy skin and stoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of an ileostomy?

    <p>To allow for the passage of digestive waste when the colon or rectum is not functioning properly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between an end ileostomy and a loop ileostomy?

    <p>An end ileostomy involves closing the distal end of the small intestine, while a loop ileostomy involves creating a loop of small intestine on the surface of the abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of an LVN in ostomy care?

    <p>To educate patients on ostomy care and management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of ostomy surgery?

    <p>Peristomal hernia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a urostomy?

    <p>To allow for the passage of urine when the bladder or urethra is not functioning properly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of urostomy involves connecting the ureters to the sigmoid colon?

    <p>Ureterosigmoidostomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of ostomy care?

    <p>To promote healthy skin and stoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of LVNs in ostomy care?

    <p>They provide essential care and support to patients with ostomies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between elective surgery and emergency surgery in ostomy surgery?

    <p>Elective surgery is a planned surgery, while emergency surgery is a response to a life-threatening condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct technique for nasopharyngeal suction?

    <p>Insert the suction device 2-3 inches into the nostril, advancing slowly while suctioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What equipment is commonly used for oropharyngeal suction?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for nasopharyngeal suction?

    <p>Recent nasal or sinus surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an indication for oropharyngeal suction?

    <p>Excess oral secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible complication of nasopharyngeal suction?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a role of an LVN in suctioning procedures?

    <p>Assisting with suctioning procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a suction source in suctioning procedures?

    <p>To facilitate suctioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for oropharyngeal suction?

    <p>Recent oral or laryngeal surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication of oropharyngeal suction?

    <p>Oral trauma or bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of indwelling catheter care?

    <p>To prevent infection, reduce discomfort, and promote healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement used to determine the size of a catheter?

    <p>French units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of catheterization?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important step in catheter maintenance?

    <p>Regularly cleaning and disinfecting the catheter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of intermittent catheterization?

    <p>For temporary catheter insertion for bladder drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of an LVN in Foley catheter care?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common indication for urinary catheterization?

    <p>Urinary retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of catheterization in pediatric patients?

    <p>Urinary tract infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should routine catheter care be performed?

    <p>Every 8 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of securing the catheter with a catheter strap?

    <p>To prevent accidental removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Incentive Spirometry

    • Encourages deep, slow breaths to fully expand lungs and prevent atelectasis, collapse, or pneumonia
    • Used for post-operative and respiratory patients
    • Patients inhale with the device to raise balls/piston higher with each breath
    • Teach patients not to exhale into device to avoid injury
    • Set goals with patients and monitor for progress

    BiPAP/CPAP

    • Machines delivering oxygen and air into lungs with pressure to prevent throat closure
    • Used for patients with sleep apnea
    • CPAP: Set for single pressure
    • BiPAP: Timed according to patient's breathing pattern
    • Secured across nose and around mouth and back of head
    • Avoid tying straps too tight

    Endotracheal Tube

    • Tubing inserted through mouth or nose to provide airway when patient cannot breathe independently
    • Used to support ventilation during surgery or life-saving measures
    • Sterile technique required when suctioning to prevent pneumonia and respiratory illnesses
    • Procedure must be completed quickly to prevent hypoxia

    Tracheostomy Collar

    • Incision into trachea with tubing to promote breathing without endotracheal tube
    • Used for long-term ventilation, temporarily or permanently
    • Tracheostomy performed after 7 days of endotracheal tube use to prevent tracheal erosion
    • Made up of 3 parts: outer cannula, obturator, and inner cannula
    • Inner cannula requires sterility when suctioning and cleaning

    Suction and Cleaning of Tracheostomy Collar

    • Aseptic technique used to remove mucus buildup
    • Clean inner cannula with hydrogen peroxide and saline, then rinse, dry, and reinsert every 8 hours
    • Sterile technique used unless permanent, then clean technique can be used

    Chest Tubes

    • Used to resolve pressure disturbances in the lungs, preventing full expansion
    • If untreated, causes dyspnea, chest pain, hypoxia, and respiratory distress
    • Air in the pleural space/cavity is referred to as pneumothorax
    • Blood and drainage present is called hemothorax

    Chest Tube Management

    • Chamber One: Wet suction to remove drainage from pleural space
    • Chamber Two: Water seal, establishing negative pressure in pleural space and allowing air to escape
    • Air bubble indicates possible air leaks
    • Chamber Three: Collection chamber for blood and fluids from pleural cavity
    • Monitor drainage by checking every 8 hours with date, time, and initials

    Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal Suction

    • Sterile procedure
    • Listen to lungs before and after procedure
    • Hyperoxygenate by increasing oxygen two liters above order for a minute before suctioning
    • Be quick when suctioning to prevent hypoxia and maintain sterility
    • Use a pulse oximeter to monitor oxygen saturation
    • Evaluate patient's feelings after the procedure

    Foley Catheter

    • Perform a bladder scan and assess for signs and symptoms before inserting
    • Indications: bladder retention, inability to control urination, producing less than 30 mL/hr of urine
    • Prevent damage to open wounds in sacral or perineal area
    • Used for surgical patients after abdominal or urological surgeries
    • Comfort at end of life

    Foley Catheter Management

    • Sterile procedure
    • If sterility is broken, risk of UTI is greatly increased
    • Complications: enlarged prostate in male patients, atrophy in older female patients
    • Measured in French to determine outer diameter of the catheter

    NG Feeding

    • NG Tube: inserted into the stomach to assist with gastric decompression
    • NI Tube: inserted into the duodenum or jejunum, flexible
    • Always perform an abdominal assessment before procedure
    • Always verify placement of tubing by using pH strip, x-ray, and checking for residual
    • Use clean technique when inserting
    • Irrigate before and after giving medications, and when starting feedings
    • Check residual content in the stomach to prevent overflowing and confirm feeding type before starting

    Nasogastric Tube (NGT) Insertion

    • Prepare the patient and explain the procedure before inserting the NGT
    • Measure the tube from the nose to the earlobe and then to the xiphoid process to ensure proper length
    • Lubricate the tube with water or lubricant to facilitate smooth insertion
    • Insert the tube through the nostril, aiming towards the back of the throat, and advance as the patient swallows
    • Rotate the tube as needed and verify the tube's position by aspirating stomach contents or using a pH indicator

    Types of NGT Insertion

    • Blind insertion: inserting the NGT without visualization
    • Endoscopic insertion: inserting the NGT with visualization using a flexible endoscope
    • Fluoroscopic insertion: inserting the NGT with visualization using X-ray

    Nutrition Management

    Nutrition Assessment

    • Evaluate patient's nutritional needs and status considering factors such as age, weight, height, and medical condition

    NGT Feeding Regimens

    • Continuous feeding: continuous infusion of formula over 24 hours
    • Intermittent feeding: feeding at set intervals (e.g., every 4 hours)
    • Bolus feeding: feeding a large volume of formula at one time

    Formula Selection

    • Standard formula: for general nutrition support
    • Specialized formula: for specific nutritional needs (e.g., diabetes, renal disease)

    Complication Prevention

    Common Complications

    • Aspiration
    • Tube displacement or clogging
    • Nasal or sinus trauma
    • Gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation

    Prevention Strategies

    • Secure the tube with tape or a tube holder
    • Monitor tube position and patency regularly
    • Use a pH indicator to verify tube placement
    • Administer medications carefully to avoid tube clogging

    Medication Administration

    • Crush or dissolve medications in water before administration
    • Flush the tube with water before and after medication administration
    • Administer medications slowly and in small volumes
    • Avoid administering medications that can clog the tube (e.g., thick liquids)
    • Consider using liquid or crushed forms of medications

    Patient Assessment

    Pre-Insertion Assessment

    • Evaluate patient's overall health and medical condition
    • Assess patient's ability to cooperate with the procedure

    Post-Insertion Assessment

    • Monitor patient's tolerance to the tube and feeding regimen
    • Evaluate patient's nutritional status and adjust feeding regimen as needed

    Ongoing Assessment

    • Monitor tube placement and patency regularly
    • Evaluate patient's comfort and report any signs of complications

    Ostomies

    • A type of surgical diversion that redirects the flow of waste from the body to the abdominal wall
    • Can be temporary or permanent, depending on the underlying condition

    Colostomy

    • A type of ostomy that diverts the colon to the abdominal wall
    • Created to allow the passage of stool when the anus or rectum is not functioning properly
    • Types of colostomies:
      • End colostomy: involves closing the distal end of the colon and bringing the proximal end to the surface of the abdomen
      • Loop colostomy: involves creating a loop of colon on the surface of the abdomen, allowing for both proximal and distal ends to be brought to the surface

    Ostomy Care

    • Importance of proper ostomy care:
      • Prevents complications such as infection, skin irritation, and peristomal hernias
      • Promotes healthy skin and stoma
    • Steps for ostomy care:
      • Clean the stoma and surrounding skin
      • Apply a barrier ring or paste to protect the skin
      • Attach the ostomy pouch or appliance
      • Empty the pouch regularly
      • Monitor for signs of complications

    Ileostomy

    • A type of ostomy that diverts the small intestine to the abdominal wall
    • Created to allow the passage of digestive waste when the colon or rectum is not functioning properly
    • Types of ileostomies:
      • End ileostomy: involves closing the distal end of the small intestine and bringing the proximal end to the surface of the abdomen
      • Loop ileostomy: involves creating a loop of small intestine on the surface of the abdomen, allowing for both proximal and distal ends to be brought to the surface

    Urostomy

    • A type of ostomy that diverts the urinary system to the abdominal wall
    • Created to allow the passage of urine when the bladder or urethra is not functioning properly
    • Types of urostomies:
      • Ileal conduit: involves creating a passage from the ureters to the abdominal wall using a segment of small intestine
      • Ureterosigmoidostomy: involves connecting the ureters to the sigmoid colon

    Ostomy Surgery

    • Types of ostomy surgeries:
      • Elective surgery: planned surgery to create an ostomy for a non-emergency condition
      • Emergency surgery: surgery to create an ostomy in response to a life-threatening condition
    • Risks and complications of ostomy surgery:
      • Infection
      • Bleeding
      • Adhesions
      • Peristomal hernias

    LVN (Licensed Vocational Nurse) Role in Ostomy Care

    • Responsibilities of an LVN in ostomy care:
      • Educating patients on ostomy care and management
      • Assisting with ostomy pouch changes and maintenance
      • Monitoring for signs of complications
      • Providing emotional support and counseling to patients and their families
    • Importance of LVNs in ostomy care:
      • LVNs provide essential care and support to patients with ostomies
      • LVNs play a key role in promoting healthy skin and stoma, and preventing complications

    Nasopharyngeal Suction

    • Insert nasal trumpet or flexible suction catheter 2-3 inches into the nostril
    • Advance slowly while suctioning

    Oropharyngeal Suction

    • Use Yankauer suction device or flexible suction catheter
    • Insert into the mouth, aiming towards the back of the throat
    • Suction in a gentle, sweeping motion

    Equipment

    • Nasal trumpet
    • Flexible suction catheter
    • Yankauer suction device
    • Suction source (e.g. suction machine or wall suction)

    Contraindications

    • Nasopharyngeal suction: recent nasal or sinus surgery, nasal polyps or tumors, recent trauma to the face or nose
    • Oropharyngeal suction: recent oral or laryngeal surgery, bleeding disorders or anticoagulant therapy, tracheostomy or laryngectomy

    Indications

    • Nasopharyngeal suction: excess nasal secretions, nasal bleeding, foreign body removal
    • Oropharyngeal suction: excess oral secretions, oral bleeding, airway obstruction

    Complications

    • Nasopharyngeal suction: nasal trauma or bleeding, infection, epistaxis
    • Oropharyngeal suction: oral trauma or bleeding, infection, laryngospasm

    LVN Considerations

    • Assist with suctioning procedures
    • Monitor patient's vital signs and oxygen saturation during suctioning
    • Provide emotional support and reassurance to patients during suctioning procedures

    Indwelling Catheter Care

    • Prevents infection, reduces discomfort, and promotes healing
    • Key steps include cleaning the catheter with soap and water, securing the catheter with a catheter strap, monitoring for signs of infection, changing the catheter bag regularly, and performing routine catheter care (e.g., every 8 hours)

    Catheter Sizes

    • Measured in French units (Fr): 1 Fr = 0.33 mm
    • Common sizes: Adult (12-18 Fr), Pediatric (8-14 Fr), Neonatal (5-8 Fr)
    • Selection based on individual patient needs and anatomy

    Catheterization Complications

    • Infection: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs), sepsis, and catheter-associated bacteriuria
    • Trauma: Hemorrhage, urethral injury, and bladder perforation
    • Allergic reactions: Latex allergy or sensitivity to catheter materials
    • Obstruction: Catheter blockage or kinking
    • Patient discomfort: Pain, anxiety, and decreased mobility

    Catheter Maintenance

    • Regular cleaning and disinfection of the catheter and drainage system
    • Monitoring for signs of infection or obstruction
    • Securing the catheter to prevent accidental removal
    • Documenting catheter care and maintenance in patient records

    Urinary Catheterization

    • Indications: Urinary retention, incontinence, surgery, or medical conditions
    • Contraindications: Urinary tract infection, bleeding, or urethral injury
    • Types of catheterization: Intermittent (temporary catheter insertion for bladder drainage), Indwelling (long-term catheter insertion for continuous drainage)

    LVN (Licensed Vocational Nurse) Role in Foley Catheter Care

    • Assesses patient's need for catheterization
    • Inserts and removes catheters under the supervision of a registered nurse (RN) or physician
    • Provides catheter care and maintenance
    • Monitors patient for signs of complications and reports to RN or physician
    • Documents patient's response to catheterization and catheter care

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz covers respiratory and enteral techniques, including incentive spirometry and BiPAP/CPAP machines, used to help patients with respiratory problems. Learn about the benefits and proper use of these devices.

    More Like This

    Respiratory Care Modalities Quiz
    10 questions

    Respiratory Care Modalities Quiz

    ExceedingPentagon avatar
    ExceedingPentagon
    Incentive Spirometry Overview
    10 questions

    Incentive Spirometry Overview

    StatelyZircon avatar
    StatelyZircon
    Incentive Spirometry Overview
    32 questions

    Incentive Spirometry Overview

    MagnificentComet avatar
    MagnificentComet
    Lung expansion test 2
    24 questions

    Lung expansion test 2

    MagnificentComet avatar
    MagnificentComet
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser