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Questions and Answers
What is most commonly associated with tripoding?
What is most commonly associated with tripoding?
What sound, when heard over the Apex of the heart in adults, may signify CHF?
What sound, when heard over the Apex of the heart in adults, may signify CHF?
A dry, nonproductive cough is typically associated with restrictive lung disease such as pulmonary fibrosis and what other condition?
A dry, nonproductive cough is typically associated with restrictive lung disease such as pulmonary fibrosis and what other condition?
What volume of hemoptysis within a 24-hour period is considered a medical emergency?
What volume of hemoptysis within a 24-hour period is considered a medical emergency?
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What is the most common route for an indwelling arterial vascular line?
What is the most common route for an indwelling arterial vascular line?
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'This form of airway clearance consists of repeated cycles of breathing control, thoracic expansion, and FET.' What is this technique?
'This form of airway clearance consists of repeated cycles of breathing control, thoracic expansion, and FET.' What is this technique?
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How long does a chronic cough last?
How long does a chronic cough last?
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Which of the following is NOT an element of respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette?
Which of the following is NOT an element of respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette?
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Which vital sign is NOT included in basic vital signs?
Which vital sign is NOT included in basic vital signs?
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What are additional sounds or vibrations produced by air movement through diseased airways called?
What are additional sounds or vibrations produced by air movement through diseased airways called?
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How should properly sized Oropharyngeal Airways (OPA) be measured?
How should properly sized Oropharyngeal Airways (OPA) be measured?
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What should be the position of the filter when manually ventilating a patient on respiratory precautions during transport?
What should be the position of the filter when manually ventilating a patient on respiratory precautions during transport?
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Which action is NOT recommended to avoid complications during suctioning?
Which action is NOT recommended to avoid complications during suctioning?
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How far above the carina should the distal tip of a properly positioned endotracheal tube be in a male patient?
How far above the carina should the distal tip of a properly positioned endotracheal tube be in a male patient?
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Which component of the endotracheal tube ensures gas flow in case the main port becomes obstructed?
Which component of the endotracheal tube ensures gas flow in case the main port becomes obstructed?
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For an LMA tube, how much air volume is required to inflate the cuff and seal the airway?
For an LMA tube, how much air volume is required to inflate the cuff and seal the airway?
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What is the primary cause of the second heart sound (S2)?
What is the primary cause of the second heart sound (S2)?
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Which term describes the absence of breathing?
Which term describes the absence of breathing?
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What can be a contributing factor in weakening or impairing the diaphragm?
What can be a contributing factor in weakening or impairing the diaphragm?
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During instruction on Incentive Spirometry (IS), what should the patient be informed to do?
During instruction on Incentive Spirometry (IS), what should the patient be informed to do?
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What is a major contributing factor in the development of postoperative atelectasis?
What is a major contributing factor in the development of postoperative atelectasis?
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Which protective reflex is considered the most important?
Which protective reflex is considered the most important?
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When selecting HFNC, a benefit associated with usage is:
When selecting HFNC, a benefit associated with usage is:
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When performing ABG collection preparation, which item is NOT necessary?
When performing ABG collection preparation, which item is NOT necessary?
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What is the recommended maximum total suction time when suctioning a patient?
What is the recommended maximum total suction time when suctioning a patient?
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An effective cough depends upon the ability of al the following, EXCEPT:
An effective cough depends upon the ability of al the following, EXCEPT:
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Which of the following is NOT considered noncritical medical equipment?
Which of the following is NOT considered noncritical medical equipment?
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What sound heard over the Apex of the heart in adults may signify CHF?
What sound heard over the Apex of the heart in adults may signify CHF?
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What is a common route for an in-dwelling arterial vascular line?
What is a common route for an in-dwelling arterial vascular line?
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Which technique consists of repeated cycles of breathing control, thoracic expansion, and FET?
Which technique consists of repeated cycles of breathing control, thoracic expansion, and FET?
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Which type of suctioning is indicated for patients without an artificial airway but with retained secretions?
Which type of suctioning is indicated for patients without an artificial airway but with retained secretions?
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What should be administered 15 minutes before suctioning for patients with increased ICP?
What should be administered 15 minutes before suctioning for patients with increased ICP?
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What is the recommended suction pressure for a pediatric patient?
What is the recommended suction pressure for a pediatric patient?
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Prior to suctioning, how long should 100% oxygen be delivered to pediatric and adult patients?
Prior to suctioning, how long should 100% oxygen be delivered to pediatric and adult patients?
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What is the recommended range for maintaining tracheal cuff pressures in adult patients?
What is the recommended range for maintaining tracheal cuff pressures in adult patients?
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Which bedside method is NOT typically used to assess endotracheal tube position?
Which bedside method is NOT typically used to assess endotracheal tube position?
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Which laryngoscope blade directly displaces the epiglottis during intubation?
Which laryngoscope blade directly displaces the epiglottis during intubation?
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What size Macintosh or Miller blade is commonly used to intubate patients?
What size Macintosh or Miller blade is commonly used to intubate patients?
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What term is used to describe infections that develop in the hospital setting?
What term is used to describe infections that develop in the hospital setting?
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When preparing to draw an ABG, which artery provides the best collateral circulation?
When preparing to draw an ABG, which artery provides the best collateral circulation?
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What is the best practice for minimizing complications during suctioning?
What is the best practice for minimizing complications during suctioning?
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What disease is characterized by permanently damaging and dilating airways prone to obstruction due to retained secretions?
What disease is characterized by permanently damaging and dilating airways prone to obstruction due to retained secretions?
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Which airway clearance technique involves manually striking the chest wall with cupped hands in a rhythmic fashion?
Which airway clearance technique involves manually striking the chest wall with cupped hands in a rhythmic fashion?
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In what patient population is Manual Assisted Cough (Quad Cough) useful?
In what patient population is Manual Assisted Cough (Quad Cough) useful?
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If a patient with ALS no longer tolerates manually assisted cough, what alternative form of ACT can be offered?
If a patient with ALS no longer tolerates manually assisted cough, what alternative form of ACT can be offered?
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Which outcome is NOT typically associated with High-Flow Nasal Cannula therapy?
Which outcome is NOT typically associated with High-Flow Nasal Cannula therapy?
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What is the term for the form of dyspnea that occurs when a patient with unilateral lung disease lies with the affected side in the down position?
What is the term for the form of dyspnea that occurs when a patient with unilateral lung disease lies with the affected side in the down position?
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Where will a patient with stridor present with obstruction?
Where will a patient with stridor present with obstruction?
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When obtaining an ABG, what should the patient's medical record be assessed for?
When obtaining an ABG, what should the patient's medical record be assessed for?
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True or False: Oropharyngeal airways can be used as a bite block for patients with oral tubes.
True or False: Oropharyngeal airways can be used as a bite block for patients with oral tubes.
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Which of the following is NOT a hazard or complication of Incentive Spirometry?
Which of the following is NOT a hazard or complication of Incentive Spirometry?
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A patient’s respirations are characterized by a gradual increase and then a gradual decrease in the depth of breathing, followed by a period of apnea which may last several seconds. This pattern is known as which of the following?
A patient’s respirations are characterized by a gradual increase and then a gradual decrease in the depth of breathing, followed by a period of apnea which may last several seconds. This pattern is known as which of the following?
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Incentive spirometry devices can generally be characterized as which of the following?
Incentive spirometry devices can generally be characterized as which of the following?
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Cardiac murmurs are created by all of the following factors, EXCEPT?
Cardiac murmurs are created by all of the following factors, EXCEPT?
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Which of the following clinical situations may cause the trachea to shift to the right?
Which of the following clinical situations may cause the trachea to shift to the right?
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The techniques that may be used when attempting to insert an oropharyngeal airway include:
- The jaw-lift technique is used to displace the tongue.
- The airway is lubricated with a water-soluble agent to ease insertion.
- Displacement of the tongue into the back of the pharynx.
- The tongue is displaced away from the roof of the mouth with a tongue depressor.
The techniques that may be used when attempting to insert an oropharyngeal airway include:
- The jaw-lift technique is used to displace the tongue.
- The airway is lubricated with a water-soluble agent to ease insertion.
- Displacement of the tongue into the back of the pharynx.
- The tongue is displaced away from the roof of the mouth with a tongue depressor.
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Jugular venous distention (JVD) is present when the jugular vein is enlarged and can be seen more than ___ cm above the sternal angle.
Jugular venous distention (JVD) is present when the jugular vein is enlarged and can be seen more than ___ cm above the sternal angle.
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The Biot respiration pattern is composed of chaotic breathing characterized by frequent irregularity in both rate and tidal volume that eventually deteriorates into _____ breathing?
The Biot respiration pattern is composed of chaotic breathing characterized by frequent irregularity in both rate and tidal volume that eventually deteriorates into _____ breathing?
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Fine crackles, which is defined as the sudden opening of peripheral airways, are caused by:
- Atelectasis
- Asthma
- Fibrosis
- Pulmonary edema
Fine crackles, which is defined as the sudden opening of peripheral airways, are caused by:
- Atelectasis
- Asthma
- Fibrosis
- Pulmonary edema
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If intubation fails, immediate ventilation and oxygenation of the patient for ___ to ___ minutes before the next attempt should occur:
If intubation fails, immediate ventilation and oxygenation of the patient for ___ to ___ minutes before the next attempt should occur:
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During ________, the patient uses diaphragmatic breathing to mobilize secretions by varying lung volumes and expiratory airflow in three distinct phases.
During ________, the patient uses diaphragmatic breathing to mobilize secretions by varying lung volumes and expiratory airflow in three distinct phases.
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In patients with COPD, CF, or bronchiectasis, this form of ACT technique is particularly useful in these patients who are prone to airway collapse during normal coughing:
In patients with COPD, CF, or bronchiectasis, this form of ACT technique is particularly useful in these patients who are prone to airway collapse during normal coughing:
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Healthcare workers with fever can provide patient care, as long as they have a mask on?
Healthcare workers with fever can provide patient care, as long as they have a mask on?
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Patients undergoing PEP therapy must have high enough expiratory flow to generate pressure in the range of ____chH2O.
Patients undergoing PEP therapy must have high enough expiratory flow to generate pressure in the range of ____chH2O.
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What example does not fall under the noncritical category in infected risk categories?
What example does not fall under the noncritical category in infected risk categories?
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When obtaining a capillary blood gas sample, the site should be warmed to?
When obtaining a capillary blood gas sample, the site should be warmed to?
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The MIE delivers a positive pressure breath of to cmH2O over a 1- to 3- second period via a face mask or airway.
The MIE delivers a positive pressure breath of to cmH2O over a 1- to 3- second period via a face mask or airway.
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Elements of respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette include all of the following, EXCEPT?
Elements of respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette include all of the following, EXCEPT?
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When monitoring your patient on CPAP, it is important to remember that it poses a risk of?
When monitoring your patient on CPAP, it is important to remember that it poses a risk of?
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Weakening or impairment of the diaphragm can be a contributing factor of?
Weakening or impairment of the diaphragm can be a contributing factor of?
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Breathing characterized by prolonged inspiratory pause at full inspiration typically lasting 2 to 3 seconds?
Breathing characterized by prolonged inspiratory pause at full inspiration typically lasting 2 to 3 seconds?
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These types of breath sounds may be preset as the lung become more consolidated with atelectasis?
These types of breath sounds may be preset as the lung become more consolidated with atelectasis?
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A mother would like for her 20yo son to be able to perform ACT on his own at home. What are you teaching him?
A mother would like for her 20yo son to be able to perform ACT on his own at home. What are you teaching him?
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The position that best facilitates the insertion of an oral endotracheal tube is the _____ position.
The position that best facilitates the insertion of an oral endotracheal tube is the _____ position.
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Hazards and complications of CPAP therapy includes all of the following EXCPET:
Hazards and complications of CPAP therapy includes all of the following EXCPET:
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In patients with COPD, CF, or bronchiectasis, this form of ACT technique is particularly useful in these patients who are prone to airway collapse during normal coughing:
In patients with COPD, CF, or bronchiectasis, this form of ACT technique is particularly useful in these patients who are prone to airway collapse during normal coughing:
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Study Notes
Suctioning
- Equipment not indicated for suctioning: ETT Cuff manometer
- For infants, the diameter of the suction catheter should be 40% of the internal diameter of the airway
- Total suctioning time should be kept to less than 15 seconds
- Healthcare workers with fever can provide patient care, but must wear a mask
Suctioning in Pediatrics
- Suction pressure for children should be set to 80 to 100 mmHg
Suctioning Techniques
- Closed suctioning is indicated for patients who require suctioning more than 6 times
- Tracheal suctioning is indicated for patients who have retained secretions but do not have an artificial airway
- Nasotracheal suctioning is a type of suctioning technique
Infection Control
- HAI stands for Hospital-associated infection
- Elements of respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette include:
- Hand hygiene after contact with respiratory secretions
- Education of healthcare personnel, patients, and visitors
- Posted signs in appropriate language for patients and family members
- Spatial separation of <3 feet from persons with respiratory infections
- Basic vital signs include pulse rate, blood pressure, sensorium, and oxygen saturation
Airway Management
- The epiglottis is displaced directly by advancing a Macintosh blade
- When intubating a male patient, the average length to the teeth of the tip of the ETT tube is 23cm
- A size 4 Macintosh or Miller blade is commonly used to intubate patients
- The position that best facilitates the insertion of an oral endotracheal tube is the sniffer's position
Respiratory Care
- A dry, nonproductive cough is typically seen in restrictive lung disease such as pulmonary fibrosis
- Massive hemoptysis is a medical emergency commonly defined as more than 200mL within 24-hour time period
- The most common route for an in-dwelling arterial vascular line is the radial artery
- A decrease in pH parameters can be observed when the air is observed in the ABG sample
Ventilation
- Hazards and complications of CPAP therapy include:
- Hypoventilation
- Nosocomial infection
- Hyperventilation
- Hemoptysis
- Benefits of HFNC include washing out CO2 from the anatomic dead space
- A benefit of enhanced flow HFNC is washing out CO2 from the anatomic dead space
Respiratory Therapy
- This form of airway clearance consists of repeated cycles of breathing control, thoracic expansion, and FET
- Autogenic Drainage is a type of airway clearance
- Manual Assisted Cough (Quad Cough) is a type of airway clearance
- Directed cough is a type of airway clearance### Respiratory Care
- Infections that develop in the hospital are called hospital-onset or nosocomial infections.
- To avoid complications of suctioning, the RT needs to preoxygenate, use sterile technique, and limit negative pressure and suction time.
- The cuff on an LMA tube requires a large volume of air to inflate to 60 cmH2O to seal the airway.
- A patient with respiratory infections should be 3 feet away from others in a waiting area.
- Nasotracheal suctioning should be performed with the patient in the sniffing position.
- Suctioning should not be performed on a preset schedule, but rather as needed.
- Sputum that has pus in it is termed purulent.
Endotracheal Tubes
- The distal tip of a properly positioned endotracheal tube in a male patient should be 4-6 cm above the carina.
- The Murphy's eye is a component of an ETT that ensures gas flow if the main port becomes obstructed.
Arterial Blood Gas
- The radial artery provides the best collateral circulation when preparing to draw an ABG.
Health Care-Associated Infections
- Contact transmission of infections can be divided into direct and indirect contact.
- The primary source of infectious agents in a healthcare setting is humans.
- Patients with respiratory infections should be 3 feet away from others in a waiting area.
Suctioning
- The maximum size of a catheter that can be used for suctioning through an 8-mm ETT is 10 Fr.
- When suctioning, the patient should be preoxygenated with 100% oxygen for 30-60 seconds beforehand.
- The correct suction pressure that must be set for a pediatric patient is 80-120 mmHg.
Pulse Oximetry
- To test the functioning of a pulse oximeter, the clinician should place the probe on their finger.
Lung Expansion Therapy
- The primary indication for lung expansion therapy is atelectasis.
Acid-Base Balance
- A pH of 7.24, PaCO2 of 55, and HCO3 of 27 is an example of partially compensated respiratory acidosis.
Infection Control
- Bronchoscopes do not fall under the noncritical category in infected risk categories.
Pulse Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) Therapy
The Basics of PEMF Therapy
- PEMF therapy is a non-invasive, drug-free approach that uses electromagnetic fields to promote healing and improve various aspects of health.
How PEMF Therapy Works
- PEMF therapy stimulates the production of ATP in cells, leading to improved cellular function.
- PEMF therapy can enhance cellular communication, stimulate tissue repair, and reduce inflammation.
Applications of PEMF Therapy
- PEMF therapy has been studied for a wide range of health conditions, including pain relief, depression and mood disorders, wound healing, sleep quality, and bone healing.
Safety and Side Effects
- PEMF therapy is generally considered safe, but potential side effects include headaches, skin irritation, and nausea.
The Future of PEMF Therapy
- PEMF therapy has a growing body of research supporting its effectiveness, but more studies are needed to fully understand its potential benefits and limitations.
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Description
Test your knowledge on setting suction pressure, oxygen delivery, and cuff pressures for pediatric and adult patients in respiratory therapy. Includes questions on recommended ranges for different procedures.
