25 Questions
What is the primary function of the surfactant produced by type II alveolar cells?
To reduce the surface tension of water in the alveoli, preventing collapse
Which of the following respiratory muscles is responsible for approximately 70% of the inspiratory effort?
Diaphragm
What is the term for the movement of air into the lungs during inspiration?
Ventilation
What is the term for the amount of air that remains in the lungs after forceful exhalation?
Residual volume
What is the term for the volume of air that can be exhaled from the lungs after normal exhalation?
Expiratory reserve volume
What is the primary mechanism by which the diaphragm contracts during inspiration?
Stimulation of the phrenic nerve by the inspiratory center in the medulla oblongata
Which of the following factors contributes to the decrease in lung compliance during pulmonary edema?
Increased surface tension of the alveolar fluid
During forced expiration, which of the following muscles is responsible for compressing the thoracic cavity?
Internal intercostal muscles
What is the result of the shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve to the right?
Increased release of oxygen to the tissues
What is the purpose of the Hering-Breuer reflex?
To prevent over-inflation of the lungs
What is the primary effect of increased intra-alveolar pressure on the alveolar-capillary membrane?
Increased thickness of the membrane
What is the primary mechanism by which the parasympathetic nervous system regulates respiration?
Inhibition of the dorsal respiratory group
What is the effect of a shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve to the left on oxygen delivery to tissues?
Decreased oxygen delivery
What is the primary function of the apneustic center in the brainstem?
Stimulation of inspiration
What is the effect of an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance on the perfusion of the lungs?
Decreased perfusion
What is the primary mechanism that allows the diaphragm to generate a greater pressure difference during inspiration?
Increased radial tension of the diaphragm
Which of the following factors would increase the work of breathing?
Increased surface tension of the alveoli
What is the primary effect of a decrease in respiratory rate on the partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial blood?
Increased PaCO2
What is the primary role of the dorsal respiratory group in the regulation of respiration?
Integration of sensory information from the lungs and airways
Which of the following would result in a decrease in the partial pressure of O2 in the alveoli?
Decreased diffusion capacity of the alveolar-capillary membrane
What is the primary effect of a decrease in the diameter of the airways on the lungs?
An increase in airway resistance and a decrease in the tidal volume
What is the result of the stimulation of the apneustic center?
A decrease in the respiratory rate and an increase in the tidal volume
What is the primary effect of a decrease in the partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial blood on the respiratory rate?
A decrease in the respiratory rate due to the inhibition of the ventral respiratory group
What is the primary effect of an increase in the surface tension of the alveolar fluid on the lungs?
A decrease in the lung compliance and an increase in the work of breathing
What is the primary effect of a decrease in the phrenic nerve activity on the diaphragm?
A decrease in the contraction force of the diaphragm and a decrease in the tidal volume
Test your knowledge of the respiratory system, including the functions of surfactant, respiratory muscles, and lung volumes. This quiz covers key concepts related to breathing, inspiration, and exhalation.
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