Respiratory System Unit 3

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the surfactant produced by type II alveolar cells?

  • To facilitate gas exchange by increasing the surface area of the alveoli
  • To stimulate the contraction of diaphragmatic muscles during inspiration
  • To reduce the surface tension of water in the alveoli, preventing collapse (correct)
  • To regulate the pH of the alveolar airspaces

Which of the following respiratory muscles is responsible for approximately 70% of the inspiratory effort?

  • Diaphragm (correct)
  • Internal intercostal muscles
  • Accessory muscles, including the scalene and sternocleidomastoid muscles
  • External intercostal muscles

What is the term for the movement of air into the lungs during inspiration?

  • Pressure
  • Flow
  • Ventilation (correct)
  • Volume

What is the term for the amount of air that remains in the lungs after forceful exhalation?

<p>Residual volume (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the volume of air that can be exhaled from the lungs after normal exhalation?

<p>Expiratory reserve volume (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the diaphragm contracts during inspiration?

<p>Stimulation of the phrenic nerve by the inspiratory center in the medulla oblongata (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors contributes to the decrease in lung compliance during pulmonary edema?

<p>Increased surface tension of the alveolar fluid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During forced expiration, which of the following muscles is responsible for compressing the thoracic cavity?

<p>Internal intercostal muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve to the right?

<p>Increased release of oxygen to the tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Hering-Breuer reflex?

<p>To prevent over-inflation of the lungs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of increased intra-alveolar pressure on the alveolar-capillary membrane?

<p>Increased thickness of the membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the parasympathetic nervous system regulates respiration?

<p>Inhibition of the dorsal respiratory group (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve to the left on oxygen delivery to tissues?

<p>Decreased oxygen delivery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the apneustic center in the brainstem?

<p>Stimulation of inspiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance on the perfusion of the lungs?

<p>Decreased perfusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism that allows the diaphragm to generate a greater pressure difference during inspiration?

<p>Increased radial tension of the diaphragm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors would increase the work of breathing?

<p>Increased surface tension of the alveoli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of a decrease in respiratory rate on the partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial blood?

<p>Increased PaCO2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the dorsal respiratory group in the regulation of respiration?

<p>Integration of sensory information from the lungs and airways (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would result in a decrease in the partial pressure of O2 in the alveoli?

<p>Decreased diffusion capacity of the alveolar-capillary membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of a decrease in the diameter of the airways on the lungs?

<p>An increase in airway resistance and a decrease in the tidal volume (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the stimulation of the apneustic center?

<p>A decrease in the respiratory rate and an increase in the tidal volume (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of a decrease in the partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial blood on the respiratory rate?

<p>A decrease in the respiratory rate due to the inhibition of the ventral respiratory group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of an increase in the surface tension of the alveolar fluid on the lungs?

<p>A decrease in the lung compliance and an increase in the work of breathing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of a decrease in the phrenic nerve activity on the diaphragm?

<p>A decrease in the contraction force of the diaphragm and a decrease in the tidal volume (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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