119 Questions
Which of the following is a secondary function of the respiratory system?
Regulation of body temperature
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
To bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide
What is the difference between internal and external respiration?
Internal respiration involves the exchange of O2 and CO2 between inhaled air and the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries, while external respiration involves the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood in the systemic capillaries and all the cells and tissues of the body
Which structures are part of the upper respiratory tract?
Both A and B
What is the function of the nasal passages?
Both A and C
What separates the left and right nasal passages?
Nasal septum
During inspiration, which muscles are involved?
Diaphragm and intercostal muscles
What is the primary function of the pharynx?
To serve as a passage for air and food
The larynx aids in:
Prevention of foreign material being inhaled
What is the primary function of the trachea?
To serve as a passage for air
Which type of epithelium lines the nasal passages?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
What happens as air passes through the winding passages produced by the turbinates
It is filtered
What is the function of the cilia in the nasal passages?
To move mucus and trapped foreign material upward
What is the function of the pharynx?
To serve as a common passageway for respiratory and digestive systems
What is the function of the larynx?
To control airflow to and from the lungs
Which statement corresponds to the trachea?
Short, wide tube that extends from the larynx into the thorax
What is the function of the bronchial tree?
To distribute air to the alveoli
What is the function of the alveoli?
To perform external respiration
What controls the smooth muscle fibers in the bronchial tree?
The autonomic nervous system
What is the purpose of bronchoconstriction in the bronchial tree?
To reduce the size of the air passage
Which structure forms the caudal boundary of the thorax and aids in inspiration?
Diaphragm
Where is the base of the lungs located?
Both A and B
What is the function of the pleural fluid?
To help ensure that surfaces of organs slide smoothly along the lining of the thorax during breathing
What is the area between the lungs called?
Mediastinum
What is the function of the bronchi?
All of the above
What is the pattern of lung lobes in most species?
Left - 3 lobes (cranial, middle, caudal); Right - 4 lobes (cranial, middle, caudal, accessory)
Which of the following statements relate to the pneumothorax?
cause the lungs to slip or fall away from the thoracic wall
What is the role of the pulmonary circulation?
Both A and B
What is the function of the lower respiratory system?
To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air
External respiration refers to:
Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the inhaled air and the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries
Internal respiration refers to:
Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood in the systemic capillaries and all the cells and tissues of the body
The respiratory system does not work together with the cardiovascular system
False
The respiratory system works together with the cardiovascular system
True
Secondary functions of the respiratory system
All of the above
A secondary function of the respiratory system is regulation of acid-base balance
True
A primary function of the respiratory system is phonation
False
The nares are the:
External openings of the respiratory tract
The nasal passages are __________
Between the nostrils and the pharynx
Where do the nares lead into
The nasal passages
Which of the following separates the nasal passages from the mouth
Both A and C
Turbinates are thin, scroll-like bones covered with nasal epithelium
True
Turbinates are thick, scroll-like bones covered with nasal epithelium.
False
Turbinates divide each nasal passage into
3 main passageways
Another name for turbinates is
Nasal conchae
Mucus is secreted by
Moucous glands and goblet cells
Cilia project into the cell surfaces from a layer of mucus
False
Cilia project from the cell surfaces up into a layer of mucus
True
Air is warmed by
Blood flowing through blood vessels beneath the nasal epithelium
Air is humidified by
Mucus and other fluids on the epithelial surface
Particles do not readily pass because they (be specific)
Are trapped in the mucous layer
Cilia move mucus and trapped foreign material upward to the pharynx and mouth
True
Cilia move mucus and trapped foreign material downward to the pharynx and mouth.
False
____________ move mucus and trapped foreign material upward to the pharynx and mouth
The _____ ______ divides the pharynx into the dorsal nasopharynx and the ventral oropharynx
Soft palate divides the pharynx into the
Both A and B
What is the nasopharynx
Respiratory passageway
What is the oropharynx
Digestive passageway
Caudal end of pharynx opens ___________ into the esophagus and __________ into the larynx (insert comma after first answer)
Dorsally, ventrally
Caudal end of pharynx opens dorsally into the esophagus and ventrally into the larynx
True
Caudal end of pharynx opens cranially into the pharynx and ventrally to the larynx
False
Which end of the pharynx opens dorsally into the esophagus and ventrally into the larynx
Caudal
Reflexes _______ actions of the muscles around the pharynx
Reflexes control actions of the ______ around the pharynx
__________ and __________ work together to prevent swallowing from interfering with breathing (insert comma after first answer)
Which of the following work together to prevent swallowing from interfering with breathing and vice versa
Larynx and pharynx
_________ ___________ larynx is reopened and breathing resumes
After swallowing
The larynx is a
Short, irregular tube connecting the pharynx with the trachea
Single, leaf-shaped; projects forward from the ventral portion of the larynx
Epiglottis
Single, leaf-shaped; projects forward from the ventral portion of the larynx
During swallowing, the ________ is pulled back to cover the opening of the larynx
During swallowing, which of the following is pulled back to cover the opening of the larynx
Epiglottis
Paired; attachment is the site of the vocal cords
Arytenoid cartilages
Arytenoid cartilages and the vocal cords form the boundaries of the _________
glottis
Paired; attachment is the site of the vocal cords
Arytenoid cartilages
Which of the following form the boundaries of the glottis (larynx)
Both B and C
What adjusts the tension of the vocal cords by moving the cartilages
Muscles
Muscles adjust the tension of the vocal cords by moving the _________ _____
cartilages
Divides into 2 main bronchi that enter the lungs
Bifurcation of trachea
Is composed of fibrous tissue and smooth muscle held open by hyaline cartilage rings
Trachea
The trachea is lined with ciliated epithelium
True
The trachea is lined by transitional epithelium
False
Has C-Shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
Trachea
Open part of tracheal rings face ________
Dorsally
Gap between the ends of each ring is bridged by ________
Smooth muscle
Structures of the upper respiratory system
Nostrils, Nasal passages, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea
Structures of the lower respiratory system
Bronchi, Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli
Each bronchus in the bronchial tree divides into =
Smaller bronchi
Smaller bronchi in the bronchial tree divide into
bronchioles
Bronchioles subdivide into
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs are
Groups of alveoli
Alveolar ducts end in
Both A and B
Alveolar ducts end in groups of alveoli which are arranged like bunches of grapes
True
Alveolar ducts end in groups of alveoli which are arranged like bunches of grapefruits
False
Bronchial smooth muscle relaxes; aids in respiratory effort during intense physical activity
Bronchodilation
Irritants in inhaled air can cause ___
Bronchoconstriction
Bronchial smooth muscle partially contracts and reduces the size of the air passage
Bronchoconstriction
Site of external respiration
Alveoli
Alveoli are tiny, thin-walled sacs of ____________
Simple squamous epithelium
Alveoli are surrounded by
Networks of capillaries
Alveoli are lined with
Fluid that contains surfactant
Each lung has a
Base, apex, and convex lateral surface
Apex of the lungs lies in _________ portion of thoracic cavity
Cranial
The convex lateral surface of the lungs lies ______
Against inner surface of the thoracic wall
Lung lobes are distinguished by:
Major branches of the bronchi
Which statement corresponds to the Hilus
Both A and B
Thin membrane that lines thoracic cavity and covers organs and structures in the thorax
Pleura
The mediastinum contains
Both A and C
Covers the thoracic organs and structures
Visceral pleura
Lines the thoracic cavity
Parietal pleura
Space between the two pleural layers is filled with
Small amount of pleural fluid
Thin, dome-shaped skeletal muscle sheet
Diaphragm
The diaphragm flattens when it contracts
True
The diaphragm enlarges volume of the thorax and aids in inspiration
True
Without negative intrathoracic pressure _______
Breathing cannot happen
Pneumothorax refers to
Presence of free air in the thorax
Irritations can cause
Coughing and sneezing
Attempts to correct an imbalance can cause
Yawns and sighs
Hiccups are caused by
Unknown causes
Temporary interruptions in normal breathing patterns
All of the above
Test your knowledge on the respiratory system with this informative quiz! Differentiate between internal and external respiration, learn about the secondary functions of the respiratory system, and explore the structure and functions of the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Put your understanding to the test now!
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