Respiratory System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a secondary function of the respiratory system?

  • Regulation of body temperature (correct)
  • Elimination of waste
  • Production of hormones
  • Transport of nutrients

    • What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

  • To bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide (correct)
  • To aid in digestion
  • To transport nutrients throughout the body
  • To regulate body temperature

    • What is the difference between internal and external respiration?

  • Internal respiration is voluntary, while external respiration is involuntary
  • Internal respiration involves the exchange of O2 and CO2 between inhaled air and the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries, while external respiration involves the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood in the systemic capillaries and all the cells and tissues of the body (correct)
  • Internal respiration occurs during inspiration, while external respiration occurs during expiration
  • Internal respiration occurs within the lungs, while external respiration occurs outside the body

    • Which structures are part of the upper respiratory tract?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nasal passages?

    <p>Both A and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates the left and right nasal passages?

    <p>Nasal septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During inspiration, which muscles are involved?

    <p>Diaphragm and intercostal muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pharynx?

    <p>To serve as a passage for air and food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The larynx aids in:

    <p>Prevention of foreign material being inhaled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the trachea?

    <p>To serve as a passage for air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelium lines the nasal passages?

    <p>Pseudostratified columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens as air passes through the winding passages produced by the turbinates

    <p>It is filtered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cilia in the nasal passages?

    <p>To move mucus and trapped foreign material upward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pharynx?

    <p>To serve as a common passageway for respiratory and digestive systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the larynx?

    <p>To control airflow to and from the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement corresponds to the trachea?

    <p>Short, wide tube that extends from the larynx into the thorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the bronchial tree?

    <p>To distribute air to the alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the alveoli?

    <p>To perform external respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What controls the smooth muscle fibers in the bronchial tree?

    <p>The autonomic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of bronchoconstriction in the bronchial tree?

    <p>To reduce the size of the air passage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure forms the caudal boundary of the thorax and aids in inspiration?

    <p>Diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the base of the lungs located?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pleural fluid?

    <p>To help ensure that surfaces of organs slide smoothly along the lining of the thorax during breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the area between the lungs called?

    <p>Mediastinum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the bronchi?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pattern of lung lobes in most species?

    <p>Left - 3 lobes (cranial, middle, caudal); Right - 4 lobes (cranial, middle, caudal, accessory)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements relate to the pneumothorax?

    <p>cause the lungs to slip or fall away from the thoracic wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the pulmonary circulation?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the lower respiratory system?

    <p>To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    External respiration refers to:

    <p>Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the inhaled air and the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Internal respiration refers to:

    <p>Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood in the systemic capillaries and all the cells and tissues of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The respiratory system does not work together with the cardiovascular system

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The respiratory system works together with the cardiovascular system

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secondary functions of the respiratory system

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A secondary function of the respiratory system is regulation of acid-base balance

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A primary function of the respiratory system is phonation

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nares are the:

    <p>External openings of the respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nasal passages are __________

    <p>Between the nostrils and the pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the nares lead into

    <p>The nasal passages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following separates the nasal passages from the mouth

    <p>Both A and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Turbinates are thin, scroll-like bones covered with nasal epithelium

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Turbinates are thick, scroll-like bones covered with nasal epithelium.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Turbinates divide each nasal passage into

    <p>3 main passageways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Another name for turbinates is

    <p>Nasal conchae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mucus is secreted by

    <p>Moucous glands and goblet cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cilia project into the cell surfaces from a layer of mucus

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cilia project from the cell surfaces up into a layer of mucus

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Air is warmed by

    <p>Blood flowing through blood vessels beneath the nasal epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Air is humidified by

    <p>Mucus and other fluids on the epithelial surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Particles do not readily pass because they (be specific)

    <p>Are trapped in the mucous layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cilia move mucus and trapped foreign material upward to the pharynx and mouth

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cilia move mucus and trapped foreign material downward to the pharynx and mouth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ____________ move mucus and trapped foreign material upward to the pharynx and mouth

    Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ ______ divides the pharynx into the dorsal nasopharynx and the ventral oropharynx

    Signup and view all the answers

    Soft palate divides the pharynx into the

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nasopharynx

    <p>Respiratory passageway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the oropharynx

    <p>Digestive passageway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Caudal end of pharynx opens ___________ into the esophagus and __________ into the larynx (insert comma after first answer)

    <p>Dorsally, ventrally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Caudal end of pharynx opens dorsally into the esophagus and ventrally into the larynx

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Caudal end of pharynx opens cranially into the pharynx and ventrally to the larynx

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which end of the pharynx opens dorsally into the esophagus and ventrally into the larynx

    <p>Caudal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reflexes _______ actions of the muscles around the pharynx

    Signup and view all the answers

    Reflexes control actions of the ______ around the pharynx

    Signup and view all the answers

    __________ and __________ work together to prevent swallowing from interfering with breathing (insert comma after first answer)

    Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following work together to prevent swallowing from interfering with breathing and vice versa

    <p>Larynx and pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _________ ___________ larynx is reopened and breathing resumes

    <p>After swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The larynx is a

    <p>Short, irregular tube connecting the pharynx with the trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Single, leaf-shaped; projects forward from the ventral portion of the larynx

    <p>Epiglottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Single, leaf-shaped; projects forward from the ventral portion of the larynx

    Signup and view all the answers

    During swallowing, the ________ is pulled back to cover the opening of the larynx

    Signup and view all the answers

    During swallowing, which of the following is pulled back to cover the opening of the larynx

    <p>Epiglottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Paired; attachment is the site of the vocal cords

    <p>Arytenoid cartilages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Arytenoid cartilages and the vocal cords form the boundaries of the _________

    <p>glottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Paired; attachment is the site of the vocal cords

    <p>Arytenoid cartilages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following form the boundaries of the glottis (larynx)

    <p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adjusts the tension of the vocal cords by moving the cartilages

    <p>Muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muscles adjust the tension of the vocal cords by moving the _________ _____

    <p>cartilages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Divides into 2 main bronchi that enter the lungs

    <p>Bifurcation of trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is composed of fibrous tissue and smooth muscle held open by hyaline cartilage rings

    <p>Trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The trachea is lined with ciliated epithelium

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The trachea is lined by transitional epithelium

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Has C-Shaped rings of hyaline cartilage

    <p>Trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Open part of tracheal rings face ________

    <p>Dorsally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gap between the ends of each ring is bridged by ________

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Structures of the upper respiratory system

    <p>Nostrils, Nasal passages, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Structures of the lower respiratory system

    <p>Bronchi, Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each bronchus in the bronchial tree divides into =

    <p>Smaller bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smaller bronchi in the bronchial tree divide into

    <p>bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bronchioles subdivide into

    <p>Alveolar ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alveolar sacs are

    <p>Groups of alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alveolar ducts end in

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alveolar ducts end in groups of alveoli which are arranged like bunches of grapes

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alveolar ducts end in groups of alveoli which are arranged like bunches of grapefruits

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bronchial smooth muscle relaxes; aids in respiratory effort during intense physical activity

    <p>Bronchodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Irritants in inhaled air can cause ___

    <p>Bronchoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bronchial smooth muscle partially contracts and reduces the size of the air passage

    <p>Bronchoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Site of external respiration

    <p>Alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alveoli are tiny, thin-walled sacs of ____________

    <p>Simple squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alveoli are surrounded by

    <p>Networks of capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alveoli are lined with

    <p>Fluid that contains surfactant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each lung has a

    <p>Base, apex, and convex lateral surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apex of the lungs lies in _________ portion of thoracic cavity

    <p>Cranial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The convex lateral surface of the lungs lies ______

    <p>Against inner surface of the thoracic wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lung lobes are distinguished by:

    <p>Major branches of the bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement corresponds to the Hilus

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thin membrane that lines thoracic cavity and covers organs and structures in the thorax

    <p>Pleura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mediastinum contains

    <p>Both A and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Covers the thoracic organs and structures

    <p>Visceral pleura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lines the thoracic cavity

    <p>Parietal pleura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Space between the two pleural layers is filled with

    <p>Small amount of pleural fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thin, dome-shaped skeletal muscle sheet

    <p>Diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diaphragm flattens when it contracts

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diaphragm enlarges volume of the thorax and aids in inspiration

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Without negative intrathoracic pressure _______

    <p>Breathing cannot happen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pneumothorax refers to

    <p>Presence of free air in the thorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Irritations can cause

    <p>Coughing and sneezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Attempts to correct an imbalance can cause

    <p>Yawns and sighs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hiccups are caused by

    <p>Unknown causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Temporary interruptions in normal breathing patterns

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Primary and Secondary Functions of the Respiratory System

    • Primary function: Gas exchange (oxygen intake and carbon dioxide elimination)
    • Secondary functions include:
      • Regulation of acid-base balance
      • Phonation (voice production)

    Respiration Types

    • External respiration: Exchange of gases between air and blood in the lungs
    • Internal respiration: Exchange of gases between blood and tissues

    Respiratory Structures

    • Upper respiratory tract includes:
      • Nasal passages
      • Pharynx
      • Larynx
    • The nasal passages are lined with ciliated epithelium for mucus movement and filtration.

    Nasal Passages and Turbinates

    • Nasal passages: Warm and humidify incoming air, trapping particles in mucus.
    • Turbinates are thin, scroll-like bones that divide each nasal passage, increasing surface area for air processing.
    • Soft palate separates the nasal passages from the mouth.

    Pharynx Functions

    • Primary function: Conduct air to the larynx and food to the esophagus.
    • Divided into nasopharynx (dorsal) and oropharynx (ventral).
    • Caudal end opens into the esophagus (dorsally) and larynx (ventrally).

    Larynx and Vocalization

    • Larynx functions include voice production and protection of the airway during swallowing.
    • The epiglottis covers the larynx during swallowing.
    • Arytenoid cartilages control vocal cord tension.

    Trachea and Bronchial Tree

    • Trachea: Conducts air to the lungs, lined with ciliated epithelium and supported by C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings.
    • Bronchial tree subdivides into bronchi, smaller bronchi, and bronchioles, eventually leading to alveolar sacs.

    Alveoli

    • Alveoli are tiny, thin-walled sacs where gas exchange occurs, surrounded by capillaries.
    • Alveolar ducts end in clusters of alveoli, maximizing surface area for efficient gas exchange.

    Regulation of Bronchi and Bronchioles

    • Smooth muscle fibers in the bronchial tree are controlled by autonomic nervous system reflexes.
    • Bronchoconstriction reduces airway size, aiding in the protection against irritants.

    Pleural Cavity and Fluid

    • Pleural fluid reduces friction between lung surfaces during respiration.
    • The area between the lungs is known as the mediastinum.

    Lung Lobes and Structures

    • Lung lobes are arranged differently across species, often with a standard pattern.
    • The diaphragm forms the caudal boundary of the thorax, assisting with inspiration.

    Pulmonary Circulation and Functions

    • Pulmonary circulation oxygenates blood in the lungs and returns it to the heart.
    • The respiratory system works in conjunction with the cardiovascular system to maintain homeostasis.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the respiratory system with this informative quiz! Differentiate between internal and external respiration, learn about the secondary functions of the respiratory system, and explore the structure and functions of the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Put your understanding to the test now!

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