Respiratory System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

  • Regulation of body temperature
  • Exchange of nutrients and waste between the organism and the environment
  • Support of the immune system
  • Exchange of respiratory gases (O2 and CO2) between the organism and the environment (correct)

    • What is the process of breathing in the respiratory system?

  • Transport of gases (via bloodstream), exchange of CO2 for O2 (cellular level)
  • Exchange of O2 for CO2
  • Breathing (ventilation), exchange of O2 for CO2, transport of gases (via bloodstream), exchange of CO2 for O2 (cellular level) (correct)
  • Exchange of CO2 for O2 (cellular level), transport of gases (via bloodstream)

    • What is the function of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

  • Exchange of respiratory gases
  • Transport of gases
  • Conduction of air to the lungs (correct)
  • Support of the immune system

    • What is the function of the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?

    <p>Gas exchange at the alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nasal cavity?

    <p>Modulation of the temperature of the inspired air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the olfactory mucosa?

    <p>Olfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the epithelial type found in the vestibule of the nasal cavity?

    <p>Stratified squamous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the epithelial type found in the respiratory region of the nasal cavity?

    <p>Pseudostratified ciliated columnar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells in the alveoli are responsible for manufacturing surfactant?

    <p>Type II pneumocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the respiratory bronchioles?

    <p>To provide a pathway for air to enter the alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the wall of respiratory bronchioles?

    <p>It is interrupted by outpocketings (alveoli)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of alveolar macrophages?

    <p>To remove dust and debris from the alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of alveolar ducts?

    <p>They have a linear arrangement of alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pores of Kohn?

    <p>To regulate air pressure in the pulmonary segments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the alveolar sac?

    <p>It is a cluster of alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the respiratory portion of the lung?

    <p>It is where gas exchange occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique feature of the tracheal cartilages in birds?

    <p>They form complete rings encircling the airway, overlapping and interlocking with adjacent rings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the secondary bronchi in the avian respiratory system?

    <p>They open into an abdominal air sac.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the air spaces (atria) in the avian respiratory system?

    <p>They contain smooth muscle and are lined by squamous cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the tympaniform membranes in the avian respiratory system?

    <p>They are analogous to the mammalian vocal cords and vibrate during sound production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the larynx in the avian respiratory system?

    <p>It is simple and devoid of vocal folds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the tertiary bronchi (parabronchi) in the avian respiratory system?

    <p>They interconnect the secondary bronchi.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the respiratory epithelium in the avian nasal cavity?

    <p>It is similar to the mammalian respiratory epithelium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the trachealis muscle in the avian respiratory system?

    <p>It is absent, allowing for a more rigid trachea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Respiratory System

    • Primary function: exchange of respiratory gases (O2 and CO2) between the organism and the environment
    • Process of respiration: breathing, exchange of O2 for CO2, transport of gases, and cellular exchange of CO2 for O2

    Components

    • Conducting portion: larger conduits (extrapulmonary) and smaller components (intrapulmonary)
    • Respiratory portion: completely intrapulmonary

    Conducting Portion

    • Extrapulmonary regions: nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi
    • Intrapulmonary regions: intrapulmonary bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles
    • Supported by a skeleton composed of bone and/or cartilage

    Nasal Cavity

    • Modulation of the temperature of the inspired air
    • Olfactory mucosa: modified mucosa for olfaction
    • 3 regions: vestibule, respiratory region, and olfactory region

    Vestibule

    • Rostral: relatively thick keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
    • Midvestibule: thinner and non-keratinized epithelium
    • Caudal: transition zone; stratified cuboidal to non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
    • Special features: vibrissae (tactile hair)

    Respiratory Region

    • Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
    • Caudal 2/3 of nasal cavity proper
    • Mucosity: epithelium with Clara cells and cuboidal cells, some with cilia

    Respiratory Portion

    • Begins with branches of the terminal bronchiole, known as respiratory bronchioles
    • Wall is interrupted by outpocketings (alveoli)

    Alveoli

    • Single, sac-like space
    • Primary structural and functional unit of the respiratory system
    • Thin walls permit gas exchange
    • Small outpouchings of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar duct, and alveolar sac
    • Large number, frequently pressed against each other
    • CT interstitium in between is eliminated
    • Areas of close contact: air spaces communicate through an alveolar pore (pores of Kohn)

    Alveoli Cells

    • Type I pneumocytes: forms the lining
    • Type II pneumocytes (septal cells): cells manufacturing surfactant, usually in regions where alveoli are separated by a septum

    Other Cells in the Alveoli

    • Alveolar Macrophage (Dust Cells): migrate between type I pneumocytes and enter the lumen, assist type II pneumocytes in uptake of surfactant

    Avian Respiratory System

    • Nasal cavity: epithelia similar to mammals
    • Respiratory epithelium: groups of goblet cells form intraepithelial glands
    • Infraorbital sinuses: drain into the nasal cavity, lined by respiratory epithelium
    • Larynx: simple, devoid of vocal folds, produces little sound
    • Syrinx: voice box, specialized region of the tracheobronchial junction, tympaniform membranes, analogous to the mammalian vocal cords, vibrate during production of sound

    Avian Trachea

    • Cartilages form complete rings encircling the airway, overlapping and interlocking with adjacent rings
    • Trachealis muscle: absent
    • Trachea does not undergo phasic changes in diameter during breathing

    Avian Bronchi

    • Extrapulmonary primary bronchi → intrapulmonary primary bronchi (mesobronchi) → terminates by:
      • Opening into an abdominal air sac
      • Secondary bronchi arising from each mesobronchi
    • Tertiary bronchi (parabronchi) interconnect the secondary bronchi
    • Air spaces (atria) – open into parabronchi, projecting tips of interatrial septa contain smooth muscle and are lined by squamous cells
    • Air capillaries – arise from the base of the atria

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    Description

    This quiz covers the primary function and process of respiration, including breathing, gas exchange, and transportation of gases in the human body.

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