Respiratory System Quiz
30 Questions
8 Views

Respiratory System Quiz

Created by
@BuoyantPlot

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the respiratory membrane?

  • To produce surfactant
  • To facilitate the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide (correct)
  • To move air in and out of the lungs
  • To regulate the pressure in the thoracic cavity

    • What type of epithelial lining is found in the alveoli?

  • Columnar epithelial lining
  • Cuboidal epithelial lining
  • Squamous epithelial lining (correct)
  • Pseudostratified epithelial lining

    • Which of the following structures is NOT part of the respiratory zone?

  • Alveolar duct
  • Alveoli
  • Terminal bronchioles (correct)
  • Respiratory bronchioles

    • What is the primary mechanism of gas exchange in the alveoli?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of surfactant in the alveoli?

    <p>To decrease the surface tension of the alveolar fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of respiration involves the movement of air into the lungs?

    <p>Inspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the diaphragm during inspiration?

    <p>To contract and increase the volume of the thoracic cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of expiration?

    <p>It is a passive process dependent on natural lung elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

    <p>To facilitate gas exchanges between the blood and external environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organs is NOT part of the respiratory system?

    <p>Brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nasal cavity?

    <p>To purify, warm, and humidify incoming air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the olfactory receptors located?

    <p>In the mucosa on the superior surface of the nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the conchae in the nasal cavity?

    <p>To increase surface area and air turbulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four bones that contain paranasal sinuses?

    <p>Frontal, Sphenoid, Ethmoid, and Maxillary bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of expiration?

    <p>Contracting internal intercostal muscles to depress the rib cage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three regions of the pharynx?

    <p>Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, and Laryngopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the paranasal sinuses produce mucus that drains into?

    <p>The nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of oxygen transport in the blood?

    <p>Attached to hemoglobin in red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of carbon dioxide transport in the blood?

    <p>Transported as bicarbonate ion in the plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during internal respiration?

    <p>Oxygen diffuses from blood into tissue cells, and carbon dioxide diffuses out of tissue cells into blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the neural centers that control rate and depth of respiration located?

    <p>Medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal respiratory rate?

    <p>12–15 breaths per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the pharynx?

    <p>To route air and food into proper channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tonsil is located in the nasopharynx?

    <p>Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the epiglottis?

    <p>To route food to the larynx and air towards the trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the glottis?

    <p>To open and close the airway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ciliated mucosa in the trachea?

    <p>To beat continuously in the opposite direction of incoming air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many lobes does the left lung have?

    <p>Two lobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pulmonary pleura?

    <p>To cover the lung surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the smallest branches of the bronchial tree?

    <p>Terminal bronchioli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Organs of the Respiratory System

    • Nose
    • Pharynx
    • Larynx
    • Trachea
    • Bronchi
    • Lungs (alveoli)

    Functions of the Respiratory System

    • Oversees gas exchanges between the blood and external environment
    • Exchange of gases takes place within the alveoli
    • Passageways to the lungs purify, warm, and humidify the incoming air

    The Nose

    • The only externally visible part of the respiratory system
    • Air enters the nose through the external nares (nostrils)
    • The interior of the nose consists of a nasal cavity divided by a nasal septum
    • Olfactory receptors are located in the mucosa on the superior surface
    • The rest of the cavity is lined with respiratory mucosa that moistens air and traps incoming foreign particles
    • Lateral walls have projections called conchae, which increase surface area and air turbulence within the nasal cavity
    • The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the palate (anterior hard palate and posterior soft palate)

    Paranasal Sinuses

    • Cavities within bones surrounding the nasal cavity (frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones)
    • Functions: lighten the skull, act as resonance chambers for speech, and produce mucus that drains into the nasal cavity

    Pharynx (Throat)

    • Muscular passage from nasal cavity to larynx
    • Three regions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
    • The oropharynx and laryngopharynx are common passageways for air and food
    • Auditory tubes enter the nasopharynx
    • Tonsils of the pharynx: pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids), palatine tonsils, and lingual tonsils

    Larynx (Voice Box)

    • Routes air and food into proper channels
    • Plays a role in speech
    • Made of eight rigid hyaline cartilages and a spoon-shaped flap of elastic cartilage (epiglottis)
    • Vocal cords vibrate with expelled air to create sound (speech)
    • Thyroid cartilage: largest hyaline cartilage, protrudes anteriorly (Adam's apple)
    • Epiglottis: superior opening of the larynx, routes food to the larynx and air toward the trachea
    • Glottis: opening between vocal cords

    Trachea (Windpipe)

    • Connects larynx with bronchi
    • Lined with ciliated mucosa that beats continuously to expel mucus loaded with dust and other debris away from lungs
    • Walls are reinforced with C-shaped hyaline cartilage

    Primary Bronchi

    • Formed by division of the trachea
    • Enters the lung at the hilus (medial depression)
    • Right bronchus is wider, shorter, and straighter than left
    • Bronchi subdivide into smaller and smaller branches

    Lungs

    • Occupy most of the thoracic cavity
    • Each lung is divided into lobes by fissures (left lung has two lobes, right lung has three lobes)
    • Pulmonary (visceral) pleura covers the lung surface
    • Parietal pleura lines the walls of the thoracic cavity
    • Pleural fluid fills the area between layers of pleura to allow gliding

    Respiratory Tree Divisions

    • Primary bronchi
    • Secondary bronchi
    • Tertiary bronchi
    • Bronchioles
    • Terminal bronchioli

    Respiratory Zone

    • Structures: respiratory bronchioli, alveolar duct, and alveoli
    • Site of gas exchange

    Alveoli

    • Structure: alveolar duct, alveolar sac, and alveolus
    • Gas exchange takes place within the alveoli in the respiratory membrane
    • Squamous epithelial lining alveolar walls
    • Covered with pulmonary capillaries on external surfaces

    Respiratory Membrane (Air-Blood Barrier)

    • Site of gas exchange between the air and blood

    Gas Exchange

    • Gas crosses the respiratory membrane by diffusion
    • Oxygen enters the blood, and carbon dioxide enters the alveoli
    • Macrophages add protection
    • Surfactant coats gas-exposed alveolar surfaces

    Events of Respiration

    • Pulmonary ventilation: moving air in and out of the lungs
    • External respiration: gas exchange between pulmonary blood and alveoli
    • Respiratory gas transport: transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide via the bloodstream
    • Internal respiration: gas exchange between blood and tissue cells in systemic capillaries

    Mechanics of Breathing (Pulmonary Ventilation)

    • Mechanical process dependent on volume changes in the thoracic cavity
    • Two phases: inspiration (flow of air into the lung) and expiration (air leaving the lung)
    • Inspiration: diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, increasing the size of the thoracic cavity and pulling in external air
    • Expiration: passive process dependent on natural lung elasticity, with air being pushed out of the lungs as muscles relax
    • Forced expiration: occurs mostly by contracting internal intercostal muscles to depress the rib cage

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the respiratory system, including the structure and function of the respiratory membrane, alveoli, and gas exchange.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser