Respiratory System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which muscles are responsible for raising the rib cage during inspiration?

  • The external intercostals (correct)
  • The scaleni
  • The sternocleidomastoid muscles
  • The anterior serrati

    • What is the main muscle involved in normal quiet breathing?

  • The anterior serrati
  • The sternocleidomastoid muscles
  • The diaphragm (correct)
  • The external intercostals

    • Which muscles are responsible for pulling the rib cage downward during heavy expiration?

  • The scaleni
  • The anterior serrati
  • The sternocleidomastoid muscles
  • The internal intercostals (correct)

    • What happens to the diaphragm during normal and quiet expiration?

    <p>It relaxes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the necessary rapid expiration during heavy breathing?

    <p>Contraction of the abdominal muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two ways in which the lungs can be expanded and contracted?

    <p>By downward and upward movement of the diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid muscles during inspiration?

    <p>Lift upward on the sternum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the scaleni muscles during inspiration?

    <p>Lift the first two ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the abdominal muscles during heavy breathing?

    <p>Push the abdominal contents upward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two important pressures that cause inspiration and expiration?

    <p>Alveolar pressure and intrapleural pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Laplace's law, the pressure generated in an alveolus is inversely proportional to the radius of the alveolus. Which of the following statements is true?

    <p>In the absence of surfactant, smaller alveoli generate higher pressure than larger alveoli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of surfactant?

    <p>Increases lung compliance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about lung compliance?

    <p>Lung compliance is defined as the change in lung volume resulting from a 1–cm H2O change in the distending pressure of the lung.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for lung compliance?

    <p>$Compliance = \frac{\Delta V}{\Delta P}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average radius of an alveolus with normal surfactant?

    <p>100 micrometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the collapse pressure of an alveolus lined with pure water without any surfactant?

    <p>18 cmH2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of surfactant in reducing surface tension?

    <p>Decreases surface tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of surfactant?

    <p>Phospholipid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of surfactant apoproteins?

    <p>Stabilize alveolar size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the share and role of surface tension compared to lung tissue in lung compliance?

    <p>Surface tension is twice as important as lung tissue in lung compliance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pressure is responsible for the inflow of air during inspiration?

    <p>Alveolar pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of pleural pressure during inspiration?

    <p>-5 to -7.5 cm H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of alveolar pressure during expiration?

    <p>0 to +1 cm H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the alveolar pressure and the pleural pressure at each instant of inspiration or expiration called?

    <p>Transpulmonary pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main components of alveolar elastic recoil force?

    <p>Elastic force of the lung tissue and elastic force caused by surface tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the alveolar pressure during inspiration as the alveolar volume increases?

    <p>Alveolar pressure falls below atmospheric pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the alveolar pressure during expiration as the alveolar volume decreases?

    <p>Alveolar pressure increases above atmospheric pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the inspiratory muscles during normal and quiet inspiration?

    <p>Contract to increase chest volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the inspiratory muscles during normal and quiet expiration?

    <p>Relax to decrease chest volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the increased alveolar elastic recoil during expiration?

    <p>To return the alveoli to their preinspiratory volumes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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