Respiratory System Overview

Study Notes

The respiratory system is a complex biological system responsible for bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide.
It is essential for providing oxygen to the body's cells and removing waste products.

Nose and Mouth: Air enters the body through the nose or mouth.
Trachea: The trachea, or windpipe, is a tube that carries air from the nose and mouth to the lungs.
Bronchi: The bronchi are tubes that branch off from the trachea and lead to the lungs.
Lungs: The lungs are responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide through the process of respiration.
Diaphragm: The diaphragm is a muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity and helps to expand the lungs during inhalation.
Rib Cage: The rib cage, or thoracic cage, is a bony structure that protects the lungs and heart.

Inhalation: Air enters the lungs through the nose or mouth, passes through the trachea and bronchi, and enters the alveoli (small air sacs).
Oxygen Absorption: Oxygen from the air diffuses into the blood and binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells.
Carbon Dioxide Removal: Carbon dioxide, a waste product, diffuses out of the blood and into the alveoli.
Exhalation: The diaphragm and rib cage relax, and the air is pushed out of the lungs.

###Functions of the Respiratory System

Oxygenation: Providing oxygen to the body's cells.
Removing Carbon Dioxide: Removing waste products from the body.
Regulation of pH: The respiratory system helps to regulate the body's acid-base balance by removing excess hydrogen ions.
Filtering the Air: The respiratory system filters out dust, bacteria, and other foreign particles from the air.

Diaphragm: The primary muscle responsible for expanding the lungs during inhalation.
Intercostal Muscles: Muscles located between the ribs that help to expand the chest cavity during inhalation.
Accessory Muscles: Muscles such as the sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles that help to elevate the rib cage during inhalation.

The respiratory system brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide, providing oxygen to cells and removing waste products.

Nose and mouth: air entry points
Trachea: tube carrying air from nose and mouth to lungs
Bronchi: tubes branching off from trachea to lungs
Lungs: responsible for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
Diaphragm: muscle separating chest and abdominal cavities, helping to expand lungs during inhalation
Rib cage: bony structure protecting lungs and heart

Inhalation: air enters lungs through nose or mouth, passes through trachea and bronchi, and enters alveoli
Oxygen absorption: oxygen diffuses into blood and binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells
Carbon dioxide removal: carbon dioxide diffuses out of blood and into alveoli
Exhalation: diaphragm and rib cage relax, and air is pushed out of lungs

Oxygenation: providing oxygen to cells
Removing carbon dioxide: removing waste products from body
Regulation of pH: helping to regulate body's acid-base balance by removing excess hydrogen ions
Filtering the air: filtering out dust, bacteria, and other foreign particles from air

Diaphragm: primary muscle expanding lungs during inhalation
Intercostal muscles: muscles between ribs helping to expand chest cavity during inhalation
Accessory muscles: muscles like sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles helping to elevate rib cage during inhalation