Respiratory System Overview

To carry oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.

False

<p>The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The diaphragm flattens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Remove CO2 from blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atmospheric pressure, alveolar pressure, pulmonary artery pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bound to hemoglobin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The release of oxygen from hemoglobin due to increased carbon dioxide in the blood, causing higher acidity and blood temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A condition characterized by a lower than normal hemoglobin content in the blood, resulting in reduced oxygen carrying capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binds to hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During rest, the difference is lower because there is less oxygen consumption. During exercise, the difference is higher because more oxygen is being used by the muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reflex that prevents overstretching of the lungs during inspiration by triggering exhalation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A maneuver that involves taking a deep breath before performing a heavy lift. It is not advised for individuals with heart disease or older adults.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Body mass (KG) divided by height squared (M2). It does not account for muscle mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The relative proportions of fat-free mass and fat mass in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Essential fat is necessary for life, while stored fat is excess fat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>25-29%, 30-34%, 35-39%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood Pressure Measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A condition where a woman experiences an eating disorder, menstrual dysfunction, and osteoporosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperventilation is an increase in ventilation rate, often occurring at higher altitudes due to the lower oxygen levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A condition where blood pH rises due to hyperventilation and the loss of excess carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid buildup in the lungs due to vasoconstriction and clot formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid buildup in the intercranial space, causing pressure on the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Central chemoreceptors are located in the brain and detect changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The body increases its production of red blood cells, leading to more hemoglobin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hypothalamus acts as the thermostat of the body, receiving input from thermoreceptors and initiating responses to maintain core temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peripheral thermoreceptors in the skin, central thermoreceptors in the brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased metabolism through the release of hormones like thyroxine leads to increased heat production, while cooling mechanisms involve releasing hormones to decrease metabolic rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased blood volume and reduced cardiac output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aldosterone and ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The heart cannot provide enough blood flow to both the skin for cooling and the muscles for exercise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The release of ADH and aldosterone leads to increased sodium reabsorption, resulting in less sodium in sweat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood flow shifts to internal organs, and muscles shiver, increasing metabolic heat production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat cramps</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fatigue, rapid pulse, weakness, and low blood flow to the skin and muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heatstroke is the most severe form, and it requires rapid whole-body cooling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exercising in the middle of the day</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The body lowers its core temperature, changes its sweat rate, and alters the composition of sweat to improve heat tolerance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peripheral vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The body's ability to maintain core temperature with less heat loss after repeated exposure to cold.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fat provides insulation and helps maintain core temperature, making individuals with higher fat mass better equipped to tolerate cold.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced muscle function and power, as well as decreased metabolic heat production as fatigue sets in.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ergogenic aid is a substance or method that enhances performance, such as a football glove or homefield advantage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ergolytic aid is a substance or method that decreases performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The placebo effect is a physiological response influenced by expectations. It is controlled using double-blind trials in research to ensure that neither the participant nor the researcher knows who is receiving the placebo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased energy, faster responses, increased fat metabolism, addictive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The substance must meet two of the following criteria: enhanced sport benefit, potential to harm the athlete, and violates the spirit of sport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amphetamines are stimulants that can suppress appetite, combat fatigue, and improve performance. However, they can cause death, cardiac arrhythmia, and dependence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HGH promotes fat burning, muscle growth, and bone development, but it can lead to acromegaly, cardiomyopathy, and other adverse effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diuretics promote weight loss by increasing fluid excretion, but they can cause electrolyte imbalance and potentially fatal cardiac arrest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood doping involves increasing the number of red blood cells to enhance oxygen carrying capacity. However, it can lead to blood clots, bloodborne diseases, and other complications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anabolic steroids promote muscle growth and recovery by increasing protein synthesis, but they can cause excess estrogen, reduced sperm count, masculine features in women, and cardiovascular problems, including heart attacks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to maintain a constant body temperature despite fluctuations in the external environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers