Respiratory System Overview Quiz

<p>6 Litres/min (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They exhibit increased leakiness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tissue becomes red and hot (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They engulf foreign particles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They increase mucus production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased resistance in airflow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TLC = IC + FRC (A), TLC = VC + RV (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Functional residual capacity (FRC) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Functional residual capacity (FRC) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hospital pulmonary function laboratory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Establishing a definitive diagnosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asthma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FRC = ERV + RV (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulmonary hypertension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced FEV1 with improved response to bronchodilators (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tobacco smoking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They break down (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive mucus production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FER remains normal despite low FVC (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic bronchitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>90% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>COPD is the third leading cause of death with 3.23 million deaths in 2019 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is used to measure the residual volume through dilution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peak flow and FEV1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obstruction in small airways. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FEV1 is usually reduced but may appear normal relative to FVC. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may show a combination of reduced peak flow and reduced FVC. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normal shape but reduced volume expired. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a marker of small airway patency. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FEV1 is reduced due to airway narrowing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is lower than normal. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lung volumes are precise measurements that equal total lung capacity when summed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>VT + IRV + ERV + RV (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inspiratory Capacity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lung volumes can stand alone, while capacities are combinations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ERV + RV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tidal Volume (VT) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Height, sex, and age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Residual Volume (RV) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The total amount of air moved into the respiratory passages each minute.

Amount of air inhaled or exhaled in a single breath.

Number of breaths per minute.

Measurements of the amount of air the lungs can hold.

The process of moving air in and out of the lungs.

The volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a normal breath.

The maximum volume of air that can be inhaled beyond a normal breath.

The maximum volume of air that can be exhaled beyond a normal breath.

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximum exhalation.

The maximum volume of air that can be inhaled, starting from a resting exhalation.

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation.

The maximum volume of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs.

The total volume of air the lungs can hold.

Vital Capacity. The maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation.

Total Lung Capacity. The total volume of air contained in the lungs after a maximum inhalation.

Functional Residual Capacity. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation.

Residual Volume. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum exhalation.

Inspiratory Reserve Volume. The maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation.

Expiratory Reserve Volume. The maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a normal exhalation.

Tests that measure the volume and capacity of air in the lungs. Useful for diagnosing and managing respiratory diseases and assessing disability.

The different quantities of air in the lung at specific points in the respiratory cycle.

A complex biological response to tissue injury or infection characterized by redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function.

Chemicals released by damaged cells, such as histamine and prostaglandins, that trigger the inflammatory response.

Widening of blood vessels, particularly capillaries, allowing more blood flow to the injured area.

The capillary walls become more permeable, allowing fluids and immune cells to escape into the surrounding tissue.

White blood cells (leukocytes), responsible for fighting infections and clearing debris, are drawn to the injured area by mediators.

A chronic lung disease that makes it hard to breathe, often caused by smoking or air pollution. It's a combination of conditions affecting the lungs, making it difficult to breathe.

A type of lung disease where airflow is restricted, usually due to narrowing of the airways. This makes it difficult to exhale fully.

A type of lung disease where lung expansion is limited, making it hard to take a full breath. The lungs are less flexible and cannot fill with as much air.

In obstructive lung diseases, it's harder to exhale due to narrowed airways. In restrictive lung diseases, it's harder to inhale due to limited lung expansion and flexibility.

A condition where the tiny air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) are damaged and lose their elasticity, leading to larger air spaces. This makes it harder to exhale and can lead to shortness of breath.

A condition where the airways in the lungs are inflamed and irritated, leading to excessive mucus production. This causes persistent coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing.

Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of COPD, responsible for over 70% of cases in high-income countries.

There is no cure for COPD, but treatments such as medication, pulmonary rehabilitation, and oxygen therapy can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

A technique used to measure the total lung capacity (TLC) by measuring the dilution of helium in the lungs after inhalation.

The amount of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation.

Forced expiratory flow at 25% of forced vital capacity (FVC). Represents airflow in larger to medium airways during exhalation.

Forced expiratory flow at 75% of FVC. Represents airflow in smaller airways during exhalation.

Average flow in the mid-section of exhalation. A marker of the patency of smaller airways.

In obstructive disorders, the flow volume loop becomes concave with a reduced FEF 25-75% due to narrowed smaller airways. Peak flow might be normal or reduced.

In restrictive disorders, the flow volume loop has a normal shape but with reduced lung volume due to restricted inhalation and exhalation. Peak flow may be normal, and FEV1 is usually reduced.

A condition that involves both obstructive and restrictive elements. Patients have difficulties with both air flow and lung volume.

FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second) is often reduced in restrictive disorders because the lungs do not expand fully. This decreases the amount of air that can be expelled in the first second.

While FEV1 is often reduced in restrictive disorders, the reduction in FVC (forced vital capacity) can be even larger. This may cause the FEV1/FVC ratio to appear normal, despite the restrictive nature of the disorder.