Respiratory System Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is external respiration primarily involved in?

  • Breakdown of organic molecules to release energy.
  • Gas exchange between blood capillaries and body cells.
  • Gas exchange between blood capillaries and air sacs of the lung. (correct)
  • Movement of air through the respiratory passages.

    • Which statement accurately describes internal respiration?

  • It is the breakdown of glucose inside the cell.
  • It occurs only in the upper respiratory tract.
  • It involves the movement of oxygen from the lungs into the bloodstream.
  • It is the gas exchange between blood capillaries and body cells. (correct)

    • Which organ is NOT part of the upper respiratory tract?

  • Nasal cavity
  • Bronchi (correct)
  • Larynx
  • Pharynx

    • What is the main function of the epiglottis in the respiratory system?

    <p>To close the trachea during swallowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the intercostal muscles play in respiration?

    <p>They expand and contract the chest cavity during breathing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for producing sound?

    <p>Larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following gases has the highest concentration in the atmosphere?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the trachea in the respiratory system?

    <p>To transport air to the bronchi and lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration?

    <p>It contracts and moves downwards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical tidal volume of air that moves in and out of the lungs with each breath?

    <p>0.5 liters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of intercostal muscles during expiration?

    <p>They relax to allow ribs to move inward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the cartilages in the trachea?

    <p>C-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily controls the breathing rate?

    <p>The brain, mainly involuntarily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of mucus in the trachea?

    <p>To trap dust and microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of oxygen transport in the blood?

    <p>Bound to haemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the inner wall of the trachea?

    <p>Ciliated epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one factor that affects the diffusion capacity of gases across the alveolar-capillary membrane?

    <p>Thickness of the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measurement describes the gas pressure exerted by an individual gas in a mixture?

    <p>Partial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of tar accumulation in the air passages of smokers?

    <p>It irritates the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates the lungs medially?

    <p>Mediastinum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure primarily detects chemical changes in the blood related to breathing control?

    <p>Peripheral and central chemoreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the alveoli in the lungs?

    <p>To facilitate gas diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle is primarily responsible for breathing?

    <p>Diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of blood vessels supply the alveoli with blood?

    <p>Capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Respiratory System Overview

    • The respiratory system is a system of tubes that filters incoming air and moves it into microscopic alveoli for gas exchange.
    • The system has an upper and lower respiratory tract.
    • The upper respiratory tract includes the nose, nasal cavity, and pharynx (throat).
    • The lower respiratory tract includes the trachea, bronchi, and lungs. The lungs include the bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli.
    • The diaphragm, ribs, and intercostal muscles play a critical role in breathing.

    Respiration Definitions

    • External respiration: Gas exchange between blood capillaries and the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs.
    • Internal respiration: Gas exchange between blood capillaries and body cells.
    • Cellular respiration: Breakdown of organic molecules (usually glucose), in cells to release energy.

    Respiratory System Structures

    • Nose and Mouth: Supported by bone and cartilage. Lined with mucous membrane containing fine hairs that filter, warm, and moisten the air.
    • Air Passages: Include the trachea, bronchi which split into smaller bronchioles leading to alveolar ducts which open into alveoli(tiny air sacs).
    • Lungs: Spongy, cone-shaped organs protected by the thoracic cage and diaphragm. The visceral pleura lines each lung and the parietal pleura lines the thoracic cavity.
    • Diaphragm, Ribs and Intercostal Muscles: The diaphragm contracts and pushes air into the lungs during inhalation. The external intercostals raise the ribs during inhalation. During exhalation the diaphragm relaxes, the intercostals relax and air is expelled.

    Gas Exchange in Lungs

    • The alveoli have thin walls with a rich capillary blood supply.
    • Oxygen passes into the blood, combining with hemoglobin.
    • Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood into the alveoli for removal.

    Breathing Mechanics

    • Inspiration: Diaphragm contracts, moving downward. External intercostal muscles contract, raising the ribs. Thoracic cavity expands, lungs enlarge, and alveolar pressure drops. Air moves into the lungs.
    • Expiration: Diaphragm relaxes, moving upward. External intercostal muscles relax, ribs lower. Thoracic cavity shrinks, lungs recoil, and alveolar pressure increases. Air moves out of the lungs.

    Breathing Rate and Control

    • Breathing rate is primarily controlled by the brain and is mostly involuntary..
    • Breathing rate increases during and after exercise to remove excess carbon dioxide from the blood.
    • Skeletal muscles like the diaphragm and intercostals can have some voluntary control over breathing.
    • Normal breathing rate varies with age. Adult breath ranges of about 12 to 16 breaths per minute. Infants have significantly higher breathing rates.

    Control Mechanisms

    • Neural pathways in the medulla control breathing.
    • Chemical receptors monitor blood levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide, influencing breathing.
    • Intra-pulmonary receptors such as stretch and C-fiber receptors respond to changes in lung volume and contribute to the control of breathing.

    Gas Transport

    • Oxygen transport primarily occurs by hemoglobin, with a small amount dissolved in the plasma and cells,
    • Carbon dioxide transport occurs as dissolved carbon dioxide, bound to hemoglobin, and as bicarbonate ions in the blood.

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    Related Documents

    FMD002 Respiratory Lecture PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the respiratory system with this quiz. Covering key structures like the upper and lower respiratory tracts, the quiz also delves into the definitions of various respiration processes. Understand the intricate components involved in breathing and gas exchange.

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