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Questions and Answers
What is the respiratory main function?
What is the respiratory main function?
It provides O2 and CO2 exchange between the blood and air.
Which of the following is not an accessory respiratory structure? (Select one)
Which of the following is not an accessory respiratory structure? (Select one)
What is the mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs?
What is the mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs?
Pulmonary ventilation
What are some accessory respiratory structures? (Select all that apply)
What are some accessory respiratory structures? (Select all that apply)
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What are the large thick wall passages that conduct air into the lungs?
What are the large thick wall passages that conduct air into the lungs?
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What are small, thin-walled passages where gas exchanges occur?
What are small, thin-walled passages where gas exchanges occur?
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What structures are part of the upper respiratory system conducting zone?
What structures are part of the upper respiratory system conducting zone?
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What structures are part of the lower respiratory system?
What structures are part of the lower respiratory system?
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What separates the oral and nasal cavities?
What separates the oral and nasal cavities?
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What is just inside the nostril and lined with stratified squamous epithelium?
What is just inside the nostril and lined with stratified squamous epithelium?
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What blocks insects and debris from entering the nose?
What blocks insects and debris from entering the nose?
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What shapes the external nose?
What shapes the external nose?
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Why are conchae shell-shaped?
Why are conchae shell-shaped?
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What do goblet cells secrete?
What do goblet cells secrete?
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What do ciliated cells do?
What do ciliated cells do?
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Which is true about the nasal cavity? (Select one)
Which is true about the nasal cavity? (Select one)
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What is the nasopharynx lined with? (Select one)
What is the nasopharynx lined with? (Select one)
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What is the oropharynx lined with? (Select one)
What is the oropharynx lined with? (Select one)
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What is the laryngopharynx lined with? (Select one)
What is the laryngopharynx lined with? (Select one)
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In which of the following pharyngeal regions would you expect to find only air? (Select one)
In which of the following pharyngeal regions would you expect to find only air? (Select one)
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The digestive tract continues inferiorly as the _____?
The digestive tract continues inferiorly as the _____?
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The respiratory tract continues inferiorly as the _____?
The respiratory tract continues inferiorly as the _____?
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Why is the oropharynx lined with stratified squamous epithelium? (Select one)
Why is the oropharynx lined with stratified squamous epithelium? (Select one)
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Why does the laryngeal prominence enlarge at puberty, especially in males?
Why does the laryngeal prominence enlarge at puberty, especially in males?
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Where is the thyroid gland located?
Where is the thyroid gland located?
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The epiglottis is composed of _____ cartilage?
The epiglottis is composed of _____ cartilage?
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What is the function of the epiglottis? (Select one)
What is the function of the epiglottis? (Select one)
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What kind of epithelium is in the mucosa of the larynx? (Select one)
What kind of epithelium is in the mucosa of the larynx? (Select one)
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Which of the following is NOT part of the anatomy of the trachea? (Select one)
Which of the following is NOT part of the anatomy of the trachea? (Select one)
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What is the trachea lined with? (Select one)
What is the trachea lined with? (Select one)
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What is the purpose of the cartilage in the respiratory system?
What is the purpose of the cartilage in the respiratory system?
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Why is there less cartilage as passageways decrease in diameter?
Why is there less cartilage as passageways decrease in diameter?
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Why does mucus secretion stop beyond bronchioles?
Why does mucus secretion stop beyond bronchioles?
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What is the difference between the left lung and right lung?
What is the difference between the left lung and right lung?
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The left lung has ____ lobes and ____ fissures. (Select one)
The left lung has ____ lobes and ____ fissures. (Select one)
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Why is the left lung smaller than the right?
Why is the left lung smaller than the right?
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What is the depression on the medial side where blood vessels and primary bronchi enter?
What is the depression on the medial side where blood vessels and primary bronchi enter?
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What is the role of the macrophages in the alveoli?
What is the role of the macrophages in the alveoli?
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Which is true? (Select one)
Which is true? (Select one)
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Why is each lung in its separate pleural cavity?
Why is each lung in its separate pleural cavity?
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Which is true about the serous membranes associated with the lungs? (Select one)
Which is true about the serous membranes associated with the lungs? (Select one)
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Which of the following is true about lung pleura? (Select one)
Which of the following is true about lung pleura? (Select one)
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What is called when you have inflammation of the pleural membranes?
What is called when you have inflammation of the pleural membranes?
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Which is correct? (Select one)
Which is correct? (Select one)
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How are pressure differences created to cause airflow?
How are pressure differences created to cause airflow?
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Which of the following is true about Ohm's Law? (Select one)
Which of the following is true about Ohm's Law? (Select one)
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Which of the following is true of the relationship between pressure and volume during ventilation? (Select one)
Which of the following is true of the relationship between pressure and volume during ventilation? (Select one)
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Which process of respiration involves the respiratory system but not the cardiovascular system? (Select one)
Which process of respiration involves the respiratory system but not the cardiovascular system? (Select one)
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When does Ppul equal Patm?
When does Ppul equal Patm?
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What causes intrapleural pressure (Pip)?
What causes intrapleural pressure (Pip)?
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How does the body create changes in Ppul?
How does the body create changes in Ppul?
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Which pressure changes as you breathe? (Select one)
Which pressure changes as you breathe? (Select one)
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What would happen if Pip ever equals Patm?
What would happen if Pip ever equals Patm?
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Puncturing the parietal pleura causes lung collapse because the surface tension is broken when? (Select one)
Puncturing the parietal pleura causes lung collapse because the surface tension is broken when? (Select one)
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When during the breathing cycle would Patm = Ppul? (Select one)
When during the breathing cycle would Patm = Ppul? (Select one)
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What happens to lung volume when we increase the height and width of the thoracic cavity?
What happens to lung volume when we increase the height and width of the thoracic cavity?
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Which situation(s) resemble(s) that of air flowing into the lungs during normal inspiration? (Select one)
Which situation(s) resemble(s) that of air flowing into the lungs during normal inspiration? (Select one)
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Which is the correct sequence of events that results in inspiration? (Select one)
Which is the correct sequence of events that results in inspiration? (Select one)
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Which of the following is not an accessory respiratory muscle? (Select one)
Which of the following is not an accessory respiratory muscle? (Select one)
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Study Notes
Respiratory System Overview
- The main function of the respiratory system is the exchange of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) between the blood and air.
- Mechanical air movement in and out of the lungs is known as pulmonary ventilation.
Accessory Structures
- Accessory respiratory structures include the external nose, nasal septum, conchae, respiratory epithelium, and respiratory muscles.
- Lungs are not considered accessory respiratory structures.
Respiratory Zones
- Conducting Zone: Large, thick-walled passages that conduct air to the lungs, warm, humidify, and filter it without permitting gas exchange.
- Respiratory Zone: Small, thin-walled passages where gas exchange occurs (O2 enters blood; CO2 exits to enter lungs).
Respiratory System Components
- Upper Respiratory System: Includes the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx.
- Lower Respiratory System: Comprises the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
Nasal Cavity Structure
- The palate separates the oral and nasal cavities.
- The vestibule is lined with stratified squamous epithelium, located just inside the nostrils and functions to block insects and debris via vibrissae.
Nasal Conchae Function
- Conchae are shell-shaped structures that increase air turbulence, directing it into the pharynx and maximizing surface area for contact with the mucosa.
Mucosa Functions in Nasal Cavity
- Lined with pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium, it contains goblet cells that secrete mucus to trap particles and ciliated cells that help move mucus out of the respiratory tract.
Pharynx Lining
- Nasopharynx: Lined with pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium.
- Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx: Lined with stratified squamous epithelium for protection against friction during food passage.
Lung Anatomy
- The right lung is shorter than the left due to the position of the liver; the left lung is narrower due to space for the heart, featuring a cardiac impression.
- The left lung consists of two lobes and one fissure, while the right lung has three lobes and two fissures.
- The pulmonary hilum is the indentation where blood vessels and primary bronchi enter the lungs.
Alveoli Function
- Alveoli contain macrophages that protect and engulf pollutants like smoke and other debris.
Lung Pleurae
- Each lung is enclosed in its pleural cavity, with two layers of pleurae: visceral and parietal, which produce pleural fluid to reduce friction and prevent lung collapse.
Airflow Mechanics
- Airflow is influenced by pressure differences created in the thoracic cavity; inhalation decreases pressure, facilitating air intake.
- Ohm's Law: When flow increases, pressure increases; the pressure changes during ventilation cycles affect how air moves.
Summary of Breathing Pressures
- Normally, intrapleural pressure (Pip) is always less than atmospheric pressure (Patm). If these pressures equalize due to damage, it may cause lung collapse (atelectasis).
Diaphragm and Accessory Muscles
- The diaphragm is critical for respiration; other accessory muscles also aid in the process, although the diaphragm itself is not classified as an accessory muscle.
Important Conditions
- Pleurisy refers to inflammation of pleural membranes, often due to insufficient pleural fluid, leading to friction and discomfort during breathing.
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Description
Explore the fundamental aspects of the respiratory system, including its main functions, accessory structures, and zones. This quiz will test your knowledge on the upper and lower respiratory components, as well as the processes involved in pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange.
