L7 Respiratory System Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the respiratory system?

Trachea

Esophagus (correct)

Nose

Larynx

Which structure divides the nasal cavity into two cavities?

Nasal septum (correct)

Nasal conchae

Hard palate

Choanae

What are the three shelf-like projections in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity called?

Folds

Septae

Conchae (correct)

Turbinates

Which muscles are primarily involved in the process of respiration?

Skeletal muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves is responsible for the sensation of smell?

Olfactory nerve (CN I) Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition called when there is bleeding from the nose?

Epistaxis Signup and view all the answers

Which structure forms the roof of the nasal cavity?

Ethmoid bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nasal conchae?

Warm and humidify air Signup and view all the answers

Which area is located above the superior concha in the nasal cavity?

Sphenoethmoidal recess Signup and view all the answers

What type of respiratory tract infection is characterized by an infection in the upper respiratory tract?

URTI Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the paranasal sinuses?

To reduce the weight of the skull Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following paranasal sinuses are present at birth?

Maxillary and frontal sinuses Signup and view all the answers

From which structures does the pharynx extend?

From the mouth and nose to the esophagus and larynx Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the respiratory tract connects the pharynx to the trachea?

Larynx Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary roles of the larynx?

Serving as a protective sphincter and facilitating speech Signup and view all the answers

Which sinuses are categorized as anterior sinuses?

Maxillary and anterior ethmoidal sinuses Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical location is the larynx situated?

Below the hyoid bone at the 4th-6th cervical vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

What are the openings associated with the paranasal sinuses primarily involved for?

Drainage and airflow regulation Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by the inflammation of the sinuses?

Sinusitis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the paranasal sinuses?

To absorb nutrients from the air Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vocal cords in the larynx?

To produce the voice by vibrating in the airstream Signup and view all the answers

Which cartilage of the larynx is leaf-shaped and has a fixed stalk?

Epiglottis Signup and view all the answers

Where does the trachea bifurcate into the primary bronchi?

At the level of the sternal angle (disc between T4/T5) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for the dilatation of the esophagus during swallowing?

Trachealis muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which bronchus is shorter and wider than the other?

Right primary bronchus Signup and view all the answers

What describes the structural change in bronchioles as they progress towards the alveoli?

They decrease in diameter and lose cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the lungs?

The right lung is larger and broader than the left lung Signup and view all the answers

What type of cartilage makes up the trachea?

Hyaline cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of corniculate cartilages in the larynx?

To assist in voice modulation Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the respiratory system does NOT contain cartilage?

Bronchioles Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory System Overview

The respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange, taking in oxygen (O2) and expelling carbon dioxide (CO2).
It consists of the upper respiratory tract (URT) and lower respiratory tract (LRT), with the junction being between the larynx and trachea.
Infections affecting the URT are referred to as upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), and infections of the LRT are referred to lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI).

Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses

The nose is comprised of the external nose and the nasal cavity.
The external nose is supported by bone, cartilage, and fibroareolar tissue.
The nasal cavity is divided into two by the nasal septum, extending from the nostril to the choanae (openings at the back of the nasal cavity).
The nasal cavity's walls are formed by the medial, lateral, roof and floor (nostril).
The lateral wall has three shelf-like projections called nasal conchae (superior, middle, and inferior).
The space under each concha is called a meatus, with the superior meatus being above the superior concha.
The ostia of the paranasal sinuses open into these areas.
The paranasal sinuses (PNS) are air-filled cavities in the skull surrounding the nasal cavity.
There are four sinuses: frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal, and sphenoidal.
While the maxillary and sphenoidal sinuses appear at birth, the frontal and ethmoidal sinuses develop after birth.
The PNS function to reduce skull weight and act as resonators for the voice.

Pharynx and Larynx

The pharynx is a musculo-membranous tube connecting the mouth and nose to the esophagus and larynx.
The larynx is a specialized organ connecting the pharynx to the trachea, located below the hyoid bone at the level of the 4th-6th cervical vertebrae.
Larynx functions as a protective sphincter at the inlet of the air passages and for voice production.

Trachea and Bronchial Tree

The trachea, also known as the windpipe, is a midline structure that inclines to the right as it descends.
Composed of U-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage, with the posterior free ends connected by the trachealis muscle.
The trachea extends through the neck and thorax before dividing into two main (primary) bronchi.
The bifurcation of the trachea is called the "carina".
The right bronchus is shorter and wider than the left, and lies in line with the trachea.
The left bronchus is more oblique.
The bronchial tree consists of the primary bronchi, which divide into lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi, lobular (terminal) bronchioles, and respiratory bronchioles.

Lungs and Pleura

The lungs are soft and spongy, and very elastic.
The right lung is larger, broader, and shorter than the left lung.
The pleura is a membrane lining the lungs and the thoracic cavity.
It consists of two layers: the visceral pleura (lining the lungs) and the parietal pleura (lining the thoracic cavity).
The space between the two layers is called the pleural cavity, and it contains a small amount of fluid that helps lubricate the lungs.

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Description

This quiz covers the anatomy and functions of the respiratory system, including its divisions and the role of the nasal cavity. It explores the differences between upper and lower respiratory tract infections and the structural components of the nasal cavity. Test your understanding of these vital concepts!