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Questions and Answers
The ______ is the passage reinforced by cartilage rings through which air reaches the bronchial tubes.
The ______ is the passage reinforced by cartilage rings through which air reaches the bronchial tubes.
trachea
The major function of the respiratory system is to supply the body with ______ and dispose of carbon dioxide.
The major function of the respiratory system is to supply the body with ______ and dispose of carbon dioxide.
oxygen
The upper respiratory system includes structures from the nose to the ______.
The upper respiratory system includes structures from the nose to the ______.
larynx
The nose provides an airway for respiration, moistens and warms entering air, and filters and cleans inspired ______.
The nose provides an airway for respiration, moistens and warms entering air, and filters and cleans inspired ______.
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The Latin word alveus means a hollow or a ______.
The Latin word alveus means a hollow or a ______.
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The cavity of the nose is divided by a midline ______.
The cavity of the nose is divided by a midline ______.
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The small patch of olfactory mucosa in the nasal cavity contains smell receptors in its olfactory ______.
The small patch of olfactory mucosa in the nasal cavity contains smell receptors in its olfactory ______.
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The almond-like appearance of lymphoid tissue is represented by the combining forms ______ and TONSILL-.
The almond-like appearance of lymphoid tissue is represented by the combining forms ______ and TONSILL-.
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The ______ is a hollow tube that leads air to the lungs.
The ______ is a hollow tube that leads air to the lungs.
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The floor of the nasal cavity is formed by the ______.
The floor of the nasal cavity is formed by the ______.
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The glottis is a slit between the true vocal ______.
The glottis is a slit between the true vocal ______.
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The respiratory ______ lines most of the nasal cavity.
The respiratory ______ lines most of the nasal cavity.
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In the human respiratory system, there are three lobes on the right and two on the ______ lung.
In the human respiratory system, there are three lobes on the right and two on the ______ lung.
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The pleura is a serous membrane encasing the lungs, lining the thoracic ______.
The pleura is a serous membrane encasing the lungs, lining the thoracic ______.
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The thorax is the body ______ between the base of the neck and the diaphragm.
The thorax is the body ______ between the base of the neck and the diaphragm.
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The term 'thoracoscopy' refers to the visual investigation of the ______.
The term 'thoracoscopy' refers to the visual investigation of the ______.
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The respiratory mucosa mainly consists of a pseudostratified ciliated columnar ______.
The respiratory mucosa mainly consists of a pseudostratified ciliated columnar ______.
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The nasal cavity is surrounded by a ring of ______ sinuses.
The nasal cavity is surrounded by a ring of ______ sinuses.
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The funnel-shaped structure connecting the nasal cavity and mouth is called the ______.
The funnel-shaped structure connecting the nasal cavity and mouth is called the ______.
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The ______ zone is responsible for the transportation of air for gas exchange.
The ______ zone is responsible for the transportation of air for gas exchange.
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Gas exchange occurs primarily in the ______ zone.
Gas exchange occurs primarily in the ______ zone.
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The ______ descends from the larynx through the neck into the mediastinum.
The ______ descends from the larynx through the neck into the mediastinum.
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At the midthorax, the trachea divides into two main ______.
At the midthorax, the trachea divides into two main ______.
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The area in contact with the ribs of the lung is called the ______ surface.
The area in contact with the ribs of the lung is called the ______ surface.
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Study Notes
Respiratory System Overview
- Comprises the upper respiratory tract (nose to larynx) and lower respiratory tract (larynx onwards).
- Main function is to supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide through four processes known as respiration.
Key Structures and Functions
-
Nose
- Visible external part and serves multiple functions: airway for respiration, warms and moistens air, filters inspired air, resonates speech, houses olfactory receptors.
- Divided into external nose and internal nasal cavity with features including the root, bridge, dorsum nasi, and apex.
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Nasal Cavity
- Entry through nostrils (nares) and divided by a midline septum (septal cartilage anteriorly, vomer, and perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone posteriorly).
- Lined with olfactory mucosa for smell and respiratory mucosa for gas exchange.
- Contains nasal conchae (superior, middle, inferior) to increase surface area for air filtration and humidification.
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Paranasal Sinuses
- Located in frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones, they lighten the skull and assist in air warming and moistening.
- Mucus from sinuses drains into the nasal cavity and can be removed through nose blowing.
Pharynx Regions
- Nasopharynx: Air passage.
- Oropharynx: Allow passage of food and air.
- Laryngopharynx: Passage for food and air, connecting to larynx and esophagus.
Conducting and Respiratory Zones
- Conducting Zone: From nose to bronchioles, transports air.
- Respiratory Zone: Site of gas exchange involving respiratory bronchioles and alveoli.
Larynx
- Extends from the 3rd to 6th cervical vertebrae, attached to hyoid bone, continues with the trachea.
- Functions include maintaining an open airway, routing air and food, and voice production.
Trachea
- Also known as the windpipe, descends from the larynx into the mediastinum, dividing into two main bronchi at midthorax.
- Composed of several layers with flexible and mobile structure.
Bronchial Tree
- Air passageways in the lungs branch multiple times, forming a structure that facilitates conducting zones.
Lungs
- Cone-shaped and encased in pleura, featuring distinct surfaces:
- Costal Surface: In contact with ribs.
- Diaphragm Surface: In contact with the diaphragm.
- Mediastinal Surface: In contact with other organs.
- Left lung has different structure compared to the right lung, accommodating heart space.
Key Terminology
- Alveoli: Small air sacs in the lungs.
- Tonsillitis: Inflammation of tonsils.
- Bronchiole: Smaller division of bronchial tubes.
- Pleur: Refers to the pleura, a membrane encasing the lungs.
- Trachea: Passage for air reinforced by cartilage.
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Description
This quiz explores the anatomy and function of the respiratory system, covering the upper and lower respiratory tracts and their components. Additionally, it delves into the significance of alveoli and lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils and amygdalae. Test your knowledge on the intricacies of respiratory structures with this informative quiz!
