Respiratory System Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the alveoli in the lungs?

  • To support the bronchial tubes
  • To filter air before it enters the lungs
  • To produce sound during speech
  • To facilitate the exchange of gases (correct)

    • Which structure acts as a lid to prevent food from entering the airways?

  • Larynx
  • Diaphragm
  • Epiglottis (correct)
  • Bronchi

    • Which combining form refers to the throat?

  • Pharyng/o (correct)
  • Rhin/o
  • Pulm/o
  • Laryng/o

    • What is the role of the diaphragm in the respiratory process?

    <p>To facilitate inhalation and exhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pleura lines the thoracic cavity?

    <p>Parietal pleura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the process of breathing out?

    <p>Expiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the lobes of the lungs?

    <p>The right lung has three lobes and the left lung has two lobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the diaphragm during inhalation?

    <p>It contracts and moves downward to reduce air pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the lungs during expiration?

    <p>The lungs contract and return to their original size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during external respiration?

    <p>Oxygen is inhaled into the lungs and enters the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main by-products of the cellular respiration process?

    <p>Water and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is NOT part of the lower respiratory tract?

    <p>Pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the paranasal sinuses?

    <p>Make bones lighter, give voice resonance, and produce mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the olfactory receptors located?

    <p>In the nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cilia in the nasal cavity?

    <p>They filter and push mucus out of the nose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which airway structure divides into the left and right bronchi?

    <p>Trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a function of the nasal cavity?

    <p>Filter, warm, and moisten the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the alveoli?

    <p>To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The left lung has three lobes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pleural fluid in the pleural space?

    <p>To reduce friction and lubricate the pleura.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______ pleura covers the surface of the lungs.

    <p>visceral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of the respiratory system with their functions:

    <p>Alveoli = Gas exchange Diaphragm = Muscle for breathing Pleura = Protective membrane for lungs Lungs = Contain alveoli for gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is responsible for covering the voice box?

    <p>Epiglottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary function of the diaphragm is to facilitate breathing by separating the chest from the abdomen.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the air sacs in the lungs?

    <p>alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The combining form 'Bronch/o' refers to the _____ of the respiratory system.

    <p>bronchus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following prefixes with their meanings:

    <p>Para- = Near; beside Epi- = Above; upon In- = In; into; not Ex- = Out; away from</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main processes of respiration?

    <p>Internal and external respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The trachea is reinforced by rings of muscle.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three divisions of the pharynx?

    <p>Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______ are small branches of the bronchial tree.

    <p>bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each structure of the respiratory tract with its correct information:

    <p>Nasal cavity = Filters and warms air Pharynx = Throat with three divisions Trachea = Windpipe held open by cartilage Bronchi = Divides into left and right passages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only the upper respiratory tract contains cilia.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    External Respiration

    • The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood, occurring in the lungs.
    • Oxygen is inhaled into air sacs (alveoli) and passes into tiny blood vessels surrounding them.

    Internal (Cellular) Respiration

    • The exchange of gases between the bloodstream and the body's tissue cells.
    • Oxygen moves from capillaries to the tissue cells.

    Respiratory System Functions

    • Cells use glucose and oxygen in a reaction, releasing energy for cellular activities.
    • Water and carbon dioxide are byproducts of this reaction.
    • The respiratory system has two parts: upper and lower.

    Upper Respiratory Tract

    • Nose (rhino/o, nas/o): Entry point to the respiratory system. Nostrils (nares) are external openings to the nasal cavity.
    • Nasal Cavity: The area behind the nose. Lined with mucous membrane and cilia, helping to filter, warm, and moisten the air. Cilia push mucus out of the nose. Smell receptors are located there.
    • Paranasal sinuses: Air-filled spaces within the skull, lined with mucous membranes; lighten the skull and give resonance to the voice.

    Pharynx (Throat)

    • The pharynx has three parts: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
    • The nasopharynx is behind the nasal cavity and contains adenoids (nasopharyngeal tonsils).
    • The oropharynx is behind the oral cavity, containing palatine tonsils.
    • The laryngopharynx is a passageway for food and air, dividing into the larynx and esophagus.

    Larynx

    • The larynx is part of the lower respiratory tract, containing the vocal cords, and involved in voice production.

    Lower Respiratory Tract

    • Trachea (windpipe): Held open by C-shaped cartilage rings to prevent collapse.
    • Bronchi: The trachea divides into two primary bronchi (left and right), leading to the lungs.
    • Bronchioles: Smaller branches of the bronchial tree; the smallest are called terminal bronchioles.

    Lungs

    • The lungs contain alveoli, air sacs surrounded by capillaries.
    • The thin walls of alveoli and capillaries allow easy gas exchange.
    • The lungs are divided into lobes (right lung has 3, left has 2).

    Pleura

    • The pleura is a double-folded membrane that covers the lungs, reducing friction during breathing.
    • The parietal pleura lines the thoracic cavity, and the visceral pleura covers the lung's surface.

    Diaphragm

    • The diaphragm is a muscular wall separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities, aiding in breathing movements (inspiration and expiration). Inspiration involves diaphragm contraction and downward movement, reducing internal air pressure. Expiration involves relaxation and upward movement, increasing pressure.

    Alveoli

    • Tiny air sacs at the end of terminal bronchioles, each surrounded by a capillary network.

    Respiration

    • The process of breathing (inhaling and exhaling).
    • Also includes the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the air and blood.

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    Respiration Anatomy PDF

    Description

    Explore the key aspects of the respiratory system, including external and internal respiration, as well as the major functions and structure of the upper respiratory tract. This quiz will test your knowledge on how gases are exchanged between the air and blood, and how the body utilizes oxygen. Get ready to learn about the complexities of respiration!

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