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Questions and Answers
Which of the following structures is part of the conducting zone?
The nasal cavity is divided into right and left halves by the nasal cartilages.
False
What are the two primary functions of the respiratory system?
Gaseous exchange and ventilation
Match the nasal cavity regions with their descriptions:
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The __________ and __________ bones contribute to the roof of the nasal cavity.
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What is the primary role of nasal conchae?
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Which meatus contains the opening of the nasolacrimal duct?
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Study Notes
Respiratory System
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Functions:
- Gas Exchange & Ventilation: Primary function of the respiratory system.
- Phonation: Production of sound, like speech.
- Olfaction: Sense of smell.
- Mechanical Stabilization of the Thorax: Helps to maintain the shape of the chest cavity.
- Biochemical Functions: The respiratory system plays a role in various biochemical processes within the body.
Divisions of the Respiratory System
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Conducting Zone:
- Upper Respiratory Tract: Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles.
- Lower Respiratory Tract: Larynx, trachea, lungs, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli.
- Respiratory Zone: Composed of the structures responsible for gas exchange: respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli.
External Nose
- Primary Respiratory Role: Gas exchange and ventilation.
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Secondary Functions:
- Phonation
- Olfaction
- Mechanical Stabilization of the Thorax
- Biochemical Functions
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Anatomy:
- Apex: The tip of the nose.
- External Nares (Nostrils): Openings of the nasal cavity.
- Dorsum Nasi: The bridge of the nose.
- Alae Nasi: Lateral walls of the nose (wings of the nose).
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Skeleton:
- Bony Framework: Composed of the nasal bones, frontal processes of the maxilla, nasal part of the frontal bone.
- Cartilaginous Framework: Septal and lateral cartilages, major and minor alar nasal cartilages.
Internal Nose
- Location: A large cavity in the anterior aspect of the skull, inferior to the nasal bone and superior to the mouth.
- Structure: Lined with muscles and mucous membranes.
- Communication: Connects to the pharynx posteriorly through the internal nares (choanae).
- Division: Divided into right and left halves by the nasal septum.
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Walls:
- Floor: Formed by the palatine processes of the maxilla and the horizontal plate of the hard palate.
- Roof: Composed of the body of the sphenoid, cribriform plate of the ethmoid, frontal and nasal bones, and nasal cartilages.
- Lateral Wall: Contains three projections: superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae, with corresponding meatuses.
- Medial Wall (Nasal Septum): Formed by the vertical plate of the ethmoid (upper part) and the vomer (posterior part).
Regions of the Nasal Cavity
- Nasal Vestibule: The beginning of the nasal cavity, lined with skin containing sebaceous and sweat glands, and coarse hairs (vibrissae).
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Respiratory Region: Encompasses the lateral and medial walls, nasal roof, floor, and conchae.
- Nasal Conchae: Increase the surface area of the nasal cavity, warm, moisten, and clean inspired air.
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Meatus: Located inferolateral to each concha.
- Supreme Nasal Meatus: Sometimes displays an opening of the posterior ethmoidal sinus.
- Middle Meatus: Receives the opening of the maxillary sinus via the hiatus semilunares.
- Inferior Meatus: Contains the opening of the nasolacrimal duct.
- Chemosensory/Olfactory Area: Located on the superior nasal concha containing the sensory terminals of the olfactory nerve.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the respiratory system, including its functions and divisions. Explore the roles of various respiratory structures, such as the conducting and respiratory zones, and understand the primary functions like gas exchange and phonation.
