Respiratory System Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which recess of pleura is located between the costal and mediastinal pleurae?

  • Diaphragmatic recess
  • Costomediastinal recess (correct)
  • Costo diaphragmatic recess
  • Cervical recess

What is the function of the paranasal sinuses?

  • Lightening the weight of the head (correct)
  • Increasing the weight of the head
  • Filtering air particles only
  • Purely for structural support of the skull

Which bronchopulmonary segment characteristic is true?

  • Each segment is aerated by a primary bronchus
  • Each segment is pyramidal in shape with apex towards the hilum (correct)
  • Each segment has an independent venous drainage
  • Each segment does not have its own lymph vessels

Which of the following sinuses is the largest?

<p>Maxillary sinuses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of pleura covers the surfaces of the lung?

<p>Visceral / pulmonary pleura (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the sphenoid sinuses open into the nasal cavity?

<p>Supero-posteriorly to the superior concha (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure separates the two nasal cavities?

<p>Septum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the bronchial tree in the respiratory system?

<p>To conduct air towards the lungs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the larynx?

<p>Production of sound (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange?

<p>Alveoli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures make up the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

<p>Nose to bronchioles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many lobes does the left lung have?

<p>Two (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What prevents food from entering the respiratory tract?

<p>Epiglottis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the bronchi in the respiratory system?

<p>Transport air to the lungs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes terminal bronchioles from other bronchioles?

<p>They are less than a millimeter in diameter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary composition of the lungs in terms of texture?

<p>Spongy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures are found in the anterior part of the root of the left lung?

<p>Superior and inferior pulmonary veins (B), Anterior pulmonary plexus and lymph vessels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between the right and left lung regarding weight?

<p>The right lung weighs about 700 g. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the bronchial arteries in relation to the right and left lungs?

<p>The right lung has one bronchial artery. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature is found on the anterior border of the left lung?

<p>Cardiac notch is present. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many lobes and fissures does the right lung have?

<p>3 lobes and 2 fissures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the pleurae of the lungs?

<p>The parietal pleura is thicker and subdivided into four parts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the right lung?

<p>It has a deeper cardiac impression. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of gas exchange, what role do the pulmonary arteries play?

<p>They bring deoxygenated blood to the lungs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Costal Pleura

The part of the pleura lining the ribs

Costomediastinal Recess

Space between costal and mediastinal pleura; lung expands during deep breathing.

Bronchopulmonary Segment

Functional unit of the lung, each supplied by a tertiary bronchus.

Paranasal Sinuses

Air-filled spaces within bones around the nasal cavity.

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Maxillary Sinus

Largest paranasal sinus, located below the nasal cavity.

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Frontal Sinus

Paranasal sinus located within the frontal bone of the skull.

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Sphenoid Sinus

Paranasal sinus within the sphenoid bone, accessed near the upper nasal cavity.

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Ethmoidal Sinus

Paranasal sinuses within the ethmoid bone of the skull; opens in multiple parts of nasal cavity.

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Conducting Zone

The part of the respiratory system that carries air from the nose to the smaller bronchioles, but does not participate in gas exchange.

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Respiratory Zone

The part of the respiratory system where gas exchange occurs, including the terminal bronchioles and alveoli.

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What is the epiglottis' function?

The epiglottis prevents food from entering the respiratory tract and air from going down the esophagus.

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What is the trachea?

A long tube that carries air to the lungs, supported by cartilaginous rings to keep it open during breathing.

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What is the difference between bronchi and bronchioles?

Bronchi are the larger airways leading to each lung, while bronchioles are the smaller branches within the lungs.

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What are alveoli?

Tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles where gas exchange occurs with the blood.

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Where are the lungs located?

The lungs are situated in the thoracic cavity, the chest area.

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What is the mediastinum?

The space between the two lungs, containing the heart and other organs.

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What is the hilum of the lung?

The hilum is the medial (inner) region of each lung where structures like bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter or exit.

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What is the root of the lung?

The root of the lung is a short, broad pedicle that connects the medial surface of the lung to the mediastinum. It's essentially the bundle of structures that pass through the hilum.

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Structure of the Right Lung Root

The right lung root has an eparterial and hyparterial bronchus, bronchial vessels, posterior pulmonary plexus, pulmonary artery in the middle, superior and inferior pulmonary veins in front, and anterior pulmonary plexus, lymph nodes, and vessels in the anterior and inferior parts.

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Structure of the Left Lung Root

The left lung root has a single bronchus with bronchial vessels and posterior pulmonary plexus, pulmonary artery in the middle, superior and inferior pulmonary veins in front, and anterior pulmonary plexus, lymph nodes, and vessels in the anterior and inferior parts.

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Difference: Right vs. Left Lung

The right lung is shorter, broader, heavier, has two fissures and three lobes. The left lung is longer, narrower, lighter, has one fissure and two lobes, and has a cardiac notch.

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Bronchial Arteries

Oxygenated blood is supplied to the lungs by bronchial arteries. The right side has one, while the left side has two.

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What is the pleura?

The pleura is a thin, serous membrane that surrounds the lungs. It has two layers: the parietal pleura (outer) and the visceral pleura (inner).

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What are the parts of the parietal pleura?

The parietal pleura has four parts: costal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and cervical.

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Study Notes

Costomediastinal Recess

  • Located between the costal pleura (lining the ribs) and the mediastinal pleura (surrounding the mediastinum).

Paranasal Sinus Function

  • Lighten the skull.
  • Enhance resonance of voice.

Bronchopulmonary Segment Characteristics

  • Supplied by a tertiary bronchus and a branch of a pulmonary artery
  • Drained by a segmental (tertiary) bronchus
  • Separated from neighboring segments by connective tissue septa

Largest Sinus

  • Maxillary sinus

Visceral Pleura

  • Covers the surfaces of the lung

Sphenoid Sinus Opening

  • Sphenoid sinuses open into the nasopharynx via the sphenoethmoidal recess

Nasal Cavity Separator

  • Nasal septum separates the two nasal cavities

Bronchial Tree Role

  • Conduction of air to the alveoli
  • Warming, filtering, and humidifying incoming air

Larynx Primary Function

  • Voice production (phonation)

Gas Exchange Location

  • Alveoli are responsible for gas exchange

Conducting Zone Structures

  • Nose
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles (except terminal bronchioles)

Left Lung Lobes

  • The left lung has two lobes: superior and inferior

Food Entering Respiratory Tract

  • Epiglottis prevents food from entering the respiratory tract during swallowing

Bronchi Role

  • Carry air to and from the lungs

Terminal Bronchioles Distinguishing Feature

  • Terminal bronchioles are the smallest bronchioles, marking the end of the conducting zone and the beginning of the respiratory zone

Lung Texture

  • The lungs are primarily composed of spongy, elastic tissue

Structures in Left Lung Root

  • The anterior part of the root of the left lung contains the pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, and the main bronchus

Right vs. Left Lung Weight Difference

  • The right lung is heavier than the left lung due to the presence of three lobes, compared to the left lung's two lobes

Bronchial Arteries

  • Bronchial arteries supply oxygenated blood to the tissues of the lungs, separate from the pulmonary circulation, which carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.

Left Lung Feature

  • The cardiac notch is a distinct feature found on the anterior border of the left lung, accommodating the heart.

Right Lung Lobes and Fissures

  • Has three lobes (superior, middle, inferior) with two fissures (horizontal and oblique)

Pleura Distinction

  • Visceral pleura covers the lung surface while parietal pleura lines the chest wall.

Right Lung Non-Characteristic

  • The right lung does not have a cardiac notch

Pulmonary Artery Role

  • Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.

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Related Documents

Respiratory System 1 PDF

Description

Explore the structure and function of the respiratory system in this quiz. Learn about the different zones, the role of the lungs, and key components like the trachea and bronchi. Test your understanding of gas exchange and anatomical features.

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