Respiratory System Overview and Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

  • To regulate body temperature
  • To eliminate waste products from the body
  • To facilitate digestion and absorption of nutrients
  • To provide oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide (correct)

Which of the following organs is NOT part of the respiratory system?

  • Heart (correct)
  • Lungs
  • Trachea
  • Larynx

During which process does oxygen diffuse into the blood?

  • Expiration
  • Olfaction
  • Inspiration (correct)
  • Circulation

What is the primary component of the conducting division of the respiratory system?

<p>Bronchioles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nose is supported by hyaline cartilage?

<p>Inferior half (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the respiratory system is known for gas exchange?

<p>Respiratory division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What prevents gas exchange in the conducting division?

<p>Thick walls of the passages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nasal cavity?

<p>To filter and humidify inhaled air (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures divide the nasal cavity into right and left halves?

<p>Nasal septum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the nostrils is TRUE?

<p>They are referred to as anterior nares. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three regions of the pharynx?

<p>Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the larynx?

<p>Keeping food and drink out of the airway (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cartilages are part of the larynx?

<p>Thyroid, Cricoid, Epiglottic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the glottis?

<p>The space between the vocal cords (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the position of the trachea in relation to the esophagus?

<p>Anterior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What separates the lobes of the right lung?

<p>Oblique and horizontal fissures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure carries blood to and from the lungs?

<p>Pulmonary artery and vein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of pleura visceral and pleura parietalis?

<p>They reduce friction during lung expansion and contraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cartilage is the cricoid cartilage?

<p>Hyaline cartilage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs at the hilum of the lung?

<p>Main bronchus and blood vessels enter and exit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Breathing

The process of taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide, essential for cellular energy production.

Respiratory System

The system responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide, including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

Alveoli

Small, thin-walled air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place.

Inspiration (Inhaling)

The process of breathing air into the lungs.

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Expiration (Exhaling)

The process of expelling air from the lungs.

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Conducting Division

The air passages from the nostrils to the bronchioles that conduct air but don't participate in gas exchange.

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Respiratory Division

Part of the respiratory system that includes the alveoli and other regions where gas exchange occurs.

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Upper Respiratory Tract

The nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx, the upper part of the respiratory system.

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Lower Respiratory Tract

The trachea, bronchi, and lungs, the lower portion of the respiratory system.

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Facial Part of the Nose

The external part of the nose, formed by bone and cartilage.

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Nasal Conchae (Turbinates)

Three bony scrolls covered by mucous membrane located inside the nasal cavity. They help to warm, humidify, and filter incoming air.

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Meatus

Narrow air passage located beneath each nasal concha. It helps to direct airflow and facilitate the functions of the conchae.

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Pharynx (Throat)

Muscular funnel that connects the nasal cavity to the larynx. It plays a crucial role in breathing, swallowing, and speech.

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Larynx (Voice Box)

Cartilaginous chamber located at the top of the windpipe. It protects the airway and plays a vital role in sound production.

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Epiglottis

Flap of tissue that covers the opening of the larynx during swallowing. It helps prevent food and drink from entering the airway.

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Laryngeal Cartilages

Collection of nine cartilages that form the framework of the larynx. They provide support and shape for the voice box.

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Glottis

The opening between the vocal cords. Its size changes during breathing and speech, affecting the sound generated.

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Trachea (Windpipe)

T-shaped tube that carries air to the lungs. It is supported by rings of hyaline cartilage which give it structural integrity.

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Bronchi

Branches of the trachea that further divide to deliver air to the lungs. They are part of the branching network responsible for gas exchange.

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Lungs (Pulmones)

Spongy organ responsible for gas exchange. It is divided into lobes and has a unique structure that maximizes surface area for oxygen uptake.

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Study Notes

Respiratory System Overview

  • Breath represents life, the first and last breaths being dramatic moments
  • Breathing is necessary for ATP synthesis, as metabolism needs oxygen and produces carbon dioxide.

Respiratory System Function

  • The respiratory system delivers air to the lungs, where oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide is removed
  • It has more diverse roles beyond gas exchange, including communication (speech), olfaction, blood pressure regulation, and removal of abdominal contents.

Respiratory Structures

  • Upper Respiratory Tract: Nose, pharynx, larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe)
  • Lower Respiratory Tract: Bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli (air sacs in the lungs)

Airflow Through the Respiratory System

  • Air enters through nostrils or mouth, passes through the pharynx, larynx, and trachea
  • Air travels through the bronchi, bronchioles to alveoli, where gas exchange occurs
  • Air is exhaled in the reverse order

Lungs

  • Lungs have three faces (diaphragmatic, costal, mediastinal)
  • The structures entering and exiting the lung form the root of the lungs (hilum).
  • Lungs have lobes (different arrangement in each lung).

Pleura

  • The pleura is a serous membrane (double-layered) surrounding the lungs.
  • The visceral pleura covers the lung surface, and the parietal pleura lines the thoracic cavity.
  • A pleural cavity separates the two layers, containing fluid to reduce friction during breathing.

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Related Documents

Respiratory System Nursing Notes PDF

Description

Explore the essential functions and structures of the respiratory system. This quiz covers topics such as gas exchange, the roles of the respiratory tract, and the mechanics of airflow. Test your knowledge on how the respiratory system contributes to vital bodily functions.

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