Respiratory System Overview and Disorders
34 Questions
1 Views

Respiratory System Overview and Disorders

Created by
@IndebtedSugilite3597

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What are common side effects of medications that may cause bronchospasms?

  • Dizziness and drowsiness (correct)
  • Liver function improvement
  • Nervousness and restlessness
  • Tachycardia and hypotension (correct)
  • Which is a nursing consideration for administering oral medications associated with a strong rotten egg odor?

  • Mix with juice to enhance taste
  • Avoid giving the medication in the evening
  • Administer with food to mask the odor
  • Ensure plenty of water is taken with the medication (correct)
  • What is the primary action of nasal decongestants?

  • Cause sedation and relaxation
  • Stimulate beta-adrenergic receptors
  • Increase nasal blood flow
  • Reduce nasal secretion by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors (correct)
  • Which of the following is a cause of hypercapnia?

    <p>Lung restriction due to fibrotic changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the use of nasal decongestants be tapered off after short-term treatment?

    <p>To prevent rebound nasal congestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical manifestation of hypoventilation?

    <p>Hypercapnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle primarily aids in the process of breathing?

    <p>Diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms can antihistamines effectively reduce?

    <p>Histamine response, nasopharyngeal secretions, and itching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)?

    <p>Congestive heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected respiratory consequence of severe anxiety?

    <p>Hyperventilation and hypocapnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes orthopnea from other forms of dyspnea?

    <p>Dyspnea relieved by sitting or standing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cyanosis is primarily a symptom of which condition?

    <p>Hypoxemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Altered breathing patterns might lead to which of the following conditions?

    <p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb is considered a potent antibiotic and antiviral, particularly effective after the development of respiratory illness?

    <p>Oregano Oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes disorders that limit airflow in the respiratory system?

    <p>Obstructive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results in fluid accumulation in the pleural space?

    <p>Pleural Effusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is known to boost the immune system, alongside another common vitamin?

    <p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key pathophysiological change associated with restrictive lung diseases?

    <p>Loss of lung elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes?

    <p>Acute rhinitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following causes hypoxia?

    <p>Inadequate oxygen in the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the reduced partial pressure of oxygen in the blood?

    <p>Hypoxemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is typically used for nasal congestion?

    <p>Nasal decongestants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical contagious period for the common cold?

    <p>1-4 days before symptom onset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with the common cold?

    <p>Fever above 101°F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of antihistamines in treating upper respiratory disorders?

    <p>They decrease nausea and motion sickness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is primarily indicated for the treatment of throat inflammation?

    <p>Glucocorticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pH value indicates metabolic alkalosis?

    <p>Greater than 7.45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of metabolic acidosis?

    <p>Chronic kidney disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For respiratory acidosis, which of the following is a typical PaCO2 level?

    <p>Greater than 45 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for metabolic alkalosis?

    <p>Sodium chloride, potassium, chloride IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with hyperventilation leading to respiratory alkalosis?

    <p>Anxiety or panic disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What HCO3 level is indicative of metabolic acidosis?

    <p>Less than 22 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In reading an ABG, what does a pH of 7.24 indicate?

    <p>Respiratory acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is NOT typically used for respiratory acidosis?

    <p>Sodium bicarbonate administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Respiratory System Overview

    • The respiratory system consists of structures that enable breathing, gas exchange, and ventilation.
    • The chest's anatomy includes major and accessory muscles for inspiration and expiration, such as the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles.

    Pulmonary and Bronchial Function

    • Pulmonary circulation is crucial for oxygenating blood, and bronchial circulation supplies airways' tissues.
    • Mechanics of breathing involve lung elasticity and resistance in airways affecting airflow.

    Clinical Manifestations of Pulmonary Disorders

    • Dyspnea: Difficulty breathing can be transient or chronic, including symptoms such as exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.
    • Cough and Sputum: Hemoptysis can indicate underlying issues.
    • Hypoxemia vs. Hypoxia: Hypoxemia refers to low oxygen in blood; hypoxia denotes insufficient tissue oxygenation.

    Upper Respiratory Disorders

    • Common Cold: Mainly caused by rhinovirus, contagious before symptoms manifest and in early stages.
    • Acute Rhinitis and Sinusitis: Inflammation of nasal and sinus mucous membranes.
    • Symptoms: Nasal congestion, discharge, cough, and increased secretions.

    Treatments for Upper Respiratory Disorders

    • Antihistamines: Relieve allergic rhinitis symptoms and nausea; can cause drowsiness and dizziness.
    • Decongestants: Stimulate alpha-adrenergic receptors, reducing nasal swelling and secretion.
    • Expectorants, Antitussives: Help manage cough and mucus.

    Lower Respiratory Disorders

    • Restrictive vs. Obstructive Disorders: Restrictive disorders limit lung volumes, while obstructive disorders limit airflow (e.g., asthma, COPD).
    • Pneumothorax: Presence of air in pleural space, affecting oxygenation and ventilation.
    • Pleural Effusion: Accumulation of fluid in pleural space leading to loss of lung elasticity.

    Pathophysiologic Changes

    • Conditions like aspiration, atelectasis, and pulmonary fibrosis contribute to restrictive lung diseases.
    • Acute respiratory distress syndrome involves inflammation and severe hypoxemia.

    Acid-Base Balance

    • Respiratory Acidosis: Caused by hypoventilation or muscle paralysis; treated with ventilation support.
    • Respiratory Alkalosis: Results from hyperventilation; managed with rebreathing techniques (e.g., paper bag).
    • Metabolic Acidosis/Alkalosis: Linked to systemic alterations; treatment tailored to underlying causes.

    Analyzing ABGs

    • pH levels indicate acidosis or alkalosis; corresponding PaCO2 and HCO3 levels determine respiratory or metabolic origins.
    • A matching CO2 elevation with low pH indicates respiratory acidosis, while a high HCO3 suggests metabolic alkalosis.

    Key Medications and Nursing Considerations

    • Monitor vital signs and respiratory status during medication administration; be aware of potential side effects such as drowsiness or tachycardia.
    • Use nasal decongestants short-term to avoid rebound congestion effects.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Description

    This quiz covers key aspects of the respiratory system, including its structure, function, and clinical manifestations of various pulmonary disorders. You'll explore topics such as gas exchange mechanisms, dyspnea, and the common cold, enhancing your understanding of respiratory health.

    More Like This

    Ventilatory Disorders and Pulmonary Function Testing Quiz
    10 questions
    Respiratory System Disorders Quiz
    20 questions
    Respiratory System Disorders Quiz
    6 questions
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser