Respiratory System Function
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Questions and Answers

What can cause or be a risk factor for ARDS?

  • Younger age
  • Chronic alcohol abuse (correct)
  • Normal metabolism
  • None of the above

Which of the following is not a cause or risk factor for ARDS mentioned in the text?

  • Older age
  • Metabolic acidosis
  • Younger age (correct)
  • Chronic alcohol abuse

Which of these is a risk factor for ARDS according to the text?

  • Normal alcohol consumption
  • Metabolic acidosis (correct)
  • Younger age
  • Good metabolism

What does the text say can contribute to the development of ARDS?

<p>Older age, chronic alcohol abuse, and metabolic acidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause or risk factor for ARDS?

<p>Younger age (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a pleural effusion?

<p>A buildup of fluid in the pleural space (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of pleural effusions are mentioned in the text?

<p>Serous and proteinaceous (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a serous pleural effusion?

<p>A pleural effusion with a low protein content (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a proteinaceous pleural effusion?

<p>A pleural effusion with a high protein content (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What other types of pleural effusions are mentioned?

<p>The text does not mention any other specific types (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cytokines do the cells release instead of those that induce a normal or minimal inflammatory response?

<p>Interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-10 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of the cytokines released by these cells?

<p>They activate eosinophils and lead to mucus overproduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of eosinophils in the context of the cytokines released by these cells?

<p>They contribute to the overproduction of mucus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the cytokines released by these cells and the cytokines that induce a normal or minimal inflammatory response?

<p>The cytokines released by these cells activate eosinophils and lead to mucus overproduction, while the normal/minimal inflammatory cytokines do not (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely outcome of the overproduction of mucus caused by the cytokines released by these cells?

<p>Airway obstruction and impaired respiratory function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the exchange of gases occur in the respiratory system?

<p>At the alveoli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What substances are exchanged at the alveoli?

<p>Oxygen and carbon dioxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT involved in the process of gas exchange in the lungs?

<p>Arteries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the alveoli?

<p>To facilitate gas exchange (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is correct regarding the direction of gas exchange at the alveoli?

<p>Oxygen moves from the alveoli to the capillaries, and carbon dioxide moves from the capillaries to the alveoli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate time range for the protracted late phase of an allergic reaction?

<p>4-8 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following immune cells are recruited to the submucosa during the protracted late phase?

<p>Mast cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that leads to the recruitment of immune cells during the protracted late phase?

<p>Antigen presence in the submucosa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the protracted late phase?

<p>Characterized by the release of histamine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the recruited immune cells during the protracted late phase?

<p>Promote inflammation and tissue damage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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