Respiratory System Function

What can cause or be a risk factor for ARDS?

Younger age
Chronic alcohol abuse (correct)
Normal metabolism
None of the above

Which of the following is not a cause or risk factor for ARDS mentioned in the text?

Older age
Metabolic acidosis
Younger age (correct)
Chronic alcohol abuse

Which of these is a risk factor for ARDS according to the text?

Normal alcohol consumption
Metabolic acidosis (correct)
Younger age
Good metabolism

What does the text say can contribute to the development of ARDS?

Older age, chronic alcohol abuse, and metabolic acidosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause or risk factor for ARDS?

Younger age (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a pleural effusion?

A buildup of fluid in the pleural space (B) Signup and view all the answers

What types of pleural effusions are mentioned in the text?

Serous and proteinaceous (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a serous pleural effusion?

A pleural effusion with a low protein content (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a proteinaceous pleural effusion?

A pleural effusion with a high protein content (C) Signup and view all the answers

What other types of pleural effusions are mentioned?

The text does not mention any other specific types (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cytokines do the cells release instead of those that induce a normal or minimal inflammatory response?

Interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-10 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of the cytokines released by these cells?

They activate eosinophils and lead to mucus overproduction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of eosinophils in the context of the cytokines released by these cells?

They contribute to the overproduction of mucus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the cytokines released by these cells and the cytokines that induce a normal or minimal inflammatory response?

The cytokines released by these cells activate eosinophils and lead to mucus overproduction, while the normal/minimal inflammatory cytokines do not (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely outcome of the overproduction of mucus caused by the cytokines released by these cells?

Airway obstruction and impaired respiratory function (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where does the exchange of gases occur in the respiratory system?

At the alveoli (C) Signup and view all the answers

What substances are exchanged at the alveoli?

Oxygen and carbon dioxide (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT involved in the process of gas exchange in the lungs?

Arteries (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the alveoli?

To facilitate gas exchange (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is correct regarding the direction of gas exchange at the alveoli?

Oxygen moves from the alveoli to the capillaries, and carbon dioxide moves from the capillaries to the alveoli (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate time range for the protracted late phase of an allergic reaction?

4-8 hours (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following immune cells are recruited to the submucosa during the protracted late phase?

Mast cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that leads to the recruitment of immune cells during the protracted late phase?

Antigen presence in the submucosa (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the protracted late phase?

Characterized by the release of histamine (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the recruited immune cells during the protracted late phase?

Promote inflammation and tissue damage (C) Signup and view all the answers