MUSCULAR

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What is the main function of the intercostal muscles?

To separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity

To control the expansion and contraction of the thorax during breathing (correct)

To regulate the flow of blood through the lungs

To provide support for the ribs

What is the role of the diaphragm in the breathing process?

The diaphragm constricts the thoracic cavity to force air out of the lungs

The diaphragm contracts to increase the size of the thoracic cavity (correct)

The diaphragm relaxes to increase the size of the thoracic cavity

The diaphragm remains stationary during breathing

What is the normal state of breathing in animals?

Breathing is an active process that requires constant effort

Breathing only occurs during respiratory distress or pathology

Breathing is controlled entirely by the diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Breathing is mostly an inactive process, unless the animal is panting (correct)

What is the primary function of the thoracic cavity?

To house the heart and lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the abdominal cavity in relation to breathing?

The abdominal cavity provides support and protection for the diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

Intercostal muscles run between the ______ - contraction helps with expansion and contraction of the thorax to assist with breathing

ribs Signup and view all the answers

When an animal breathes, the diaphragm flattens out, pushing abdominal contents ______

caudally Signup and view all the answers

Breathing (ventilation) is mostly an ______ process, unless animal is in respiratory distress or has respiratory pathology

inactive Signup and view all the answers

The diaphragm is a thin, dome-shaped sheet separating the thoracic cavity from the ______ cavity

abdominal Signup and view all the answers

Expansion and contraction of the thorax to assist with breathing especially when ______

panting Signup and view all the answers

What is the cavity that the diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from?

abdominal Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal state of the breathing (ventilation) process in animals?

inactive Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structures do the intercostal muscles run between?

ribs Signup and view all the answers

In which direction do the abdominal contents move when the diaphragm flattens out during breathing?

caudally Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the intercostal muscles in relation to breathing?

expansion and contraction of the thorax Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the intercostal muscles in breathing?

Assisting in the movement of the rib cage during breathing Signup and view all the answers

How does the diaphragm contribute to exhalation?

By relaxing and reducing thoracic cavity volume Signup and view all the answers

Which respiratory system function involves protection against foreign particles and microorganisms?

Protection against irritants Signup and view all the answers

During inhalation, what happens to the thoracic cavity volume?

It increases due to rib cage expansion Signup and view all the answers

Which structure plays a crucial role in gas exchange in the respiratory system?

Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

How does the respiratory system contribute to cellular metabolism?

By providing essential oxygen and removing carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of intercostal muscles in the respiratory system?

Assisting with expanding the chest cavity during inhalation Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of breathing do the intercostal muscles contract?

Inhalation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?

Contracting to increase thoracic cavity volume during inhalation Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for driving air in and out of the lungs?

Diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

How does the diaphragm change shape during exhalation?

Relaxes and returns to dome-shape Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the intercostal muscles?

Producing sounds in the larynx Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is used to identify the correct location for an intramuscular injection?

Palpating the muscle and applying gentle pressure until resistance is felt Signup and view all the answers

What does it indicate if blood returns through the syringe when withdrawing the needle during an intramuscular injection?

The needle is within a blood vessel rather than a muscle Signup and view all the answers

At what angle should the needle be inserted for optimal results during an intramuscular injection?

90 degrees to the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of lightly massaging the injection site after administering an intramuscular injection?

To help disperse the medication throughout the muscle Signup and view all the answers

What technique can be used to visualize the muscle and guide the needle placement during an intramuscular injection?

Ultrasound imaging Signup and view all the answers

Which action should be taken if blood return is noticed when withdrawing the needle during an intramuscular injection?

Consider adjusting the needle position or selecting a nearby location Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is a suitable site for smaller volume intramuscular injections, typically up to 1 mL?

Deltoid muscle Signup and view all the answers

To locate the ventrogluteal muscle for an intramuscular injection, which of the following techniques should be used?

Place your hand on your hip with fingers pointing towards your head, and thumb towards your groin. Administer the shot in the middle of the 'V' shape created by your index and middle fingers. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following techniques can be used to isolate a muscle before administering an intramuscular injection?

Ask the patient to tense the muscle before injection to make it more prominent. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended needle insertion angle for administering an intramuscular injection?

90 degrees (perpendicular to the skin) Signup and view all the answers

After administering an intramuscular injection, which of the following actions should be taken?

Gently massage the injection site to promote absorption and dispersion. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following steps should be taken to check for blood return before administering an intramuscular injection?

Pull back slightly on the plunger after inserting the needle. Signup and view all the answers

The Z-track method involves pulling the skin laterally before injection to prevent medication leakage into subcutaneous tissue.

True Signup and view all the answers

The needle should be inserted at an angle parallel to the patient's body for accurate penetration into the muscle tissue.

False Signup and view all the answers

Post-injection massage helps to evenly disperse the drug throughout the affected muscle.

True Signup and view all the answers

If blood return is observed when withdrawing the needle, it indicates that the injection was delivered into a vein.

True Signup and view all the answers

Checking for blood return is not necessary when administering an intramuscular injection.

False Signup and view all the answers

Veterinarians can only work in private clinical practice.

False Signup and view all the answers

Some veterinarians focus exclusively on treating horses.

True Signup and view all the answers

Veterinarians working in academia do not provide care for animals.

False Signup and view all the answers

Research veterinarians do not contribute to advancing human health.

False Signup and view all the answers

Veterinarians do not work in pharmaceutical or biomedical research firms.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recognized veterinary specialty by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)?

Horticulture Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following attributes is NOT listed as a key quality for successful veterinarians?

Exceptional artistic abilities Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what is the primary role of research veterinarians?

To find new ways to diagnose, treat, and prevent both animal and human health disorders Signup and view all the answers

What do veterinarians working in academia NOT do, according to the passage?

Instruct students Signup and view all the answers

In what type of environment do veterinarians typically work, according to the passage?

Diverse environments Signup and view all the answers

Endochondral Bone Formation

Most bones start as cartilage in the fetus (like a template) Signup and view all the answers

Bone is formed in the body in two ways:

Endochondral and Intramembranous Signup and view all the answers

Long bone formation begins in the primary growth centre in diaphysis and radiates outwards

True Signup and view all the answers

Endochondral Bone Formation happens when?

Cartilage is removed gradually as bone is created Signup and view all the answers

Endochondral Bone Formation

2 = Most bones start as cartilage in the fetus (like a template) 3 = Long bone formation begins in the primary growth centre in diaphysis and radiates outwards 4 = Full skeletal maturity- epiphyseal plates ossify 1 = Cartilage is removed gradually as bone is created Signup and view all the answers

Intramembranous Bone Formation Bone forms from fibrous membranes covering the brain in the developing fetus

True Signup and view all the answers

Intramembranous Bone Formation Only occurs in certain skull bones, mandible, (note: dogs and cats do have a clavicle like humans)

False Signup and view all the answers

Intramembranous Bone = vertebrae Endochondral Bone = Clavicle Intramembranous Bone = pelvis Endochondral Bone = Cranuim Signup and view all the answers

Bone healing is ?

best healing tissues in body Signup and view all the answers

Bone healing

Fractures (breaks) = are one of the best healing tissues in the body! Bones = Lack of stability has resulted in dealyed healing and a larger callus = can occur in any bones but are most common in long bones Healing = Bones have a large blood supply Signup and view all the answers

MUSCULAR

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the intercostal muscles?

What is the role of the diaphragm in the breathing process?

What is the normal state of breathing in animals?

What is the primary function of the thoracic cavity?

What is the main purpose of the abdominal cavity in relation to breathing?

Intercostal muscles run between the ______ - contraction helps with expansion and contraction of the thorax to assist with breathing

When an animal breathes, the diaphragm flattens out, pushing abdominal contents ______

Breathing (ventilation) is mostly an ______ process, unless animal is in respiratory distress or has respiratory pathology

The diaphragm is a thin, dome-shaped sheet separating the thoracic cavity from the ______ cavity

Expansion and contraction of the thorax to assist with breathing especially when ______

What is the cavity that the diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from?

What is the normal state of the breathing (ventilation) process in animals?

What anatomical structures do the intercostal muscles run between?

In which direction do the abdominal contents move when the diaphragm flattens out during breathing?

What is the primary function of the intercostal muscles in relation to breathing?

What is the primary function of the intercostal muscles in breathing?

How does the diaphragm contribute to exhalation?

Which respiratory system function involves protection against foreign particles and microorganisms?

During inhalation, what happens to the thoracic cavity volume?

Which structure plays a crucial role in gas exchange in the respiratory system?

How does the respiratory system contribute to cellular metabolism?

What is the primary role of intercostal muscles in the respiratory system?

During which phase of breathing do the intercostal muscles contract?

What is the main function of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?

Which muscle is primarily responsible for driving air in and out of the lungs?

How does the diaphragm change shape during exhalation?

Which of the following is NOT a function of the intercostal muscles?

Which technique is used to identify the correct location for an intramuscular injection?

What does it indicate if blood returns through the syringe when withdrawing the needle during an intramuscular injection?

At what angle should the needle be inserted for optimal results during an intramuscular injection?

What is the purpose of lightly massaging the injection site after administering an intramuscular injection?

What technique can be used to visualize the muscle and guide the needle placement during an intramuscular injection?

Which action should be taken if blood return is noticed when withdrawing the needle during an intramuscular injection?

Which of the following muscles is a suitable site for smaller volume intramuscular injections, typically up to 1 mL?

To locate the ventrogluteal muscle for an intramuscular injection, which of the following techniques should be used?

Which of the following techniques can be used to isolate a muscle before administering an intramuscular injection?

What is the recommended needle insertion angle for administering an intramuscular injection?

After administering an intramuscular injection, which of the following actions should be taken?

Which of the following steps should be taken to check for blood return before administering an intramuscular injection?

The Z-track method involves pulling the skin laterally before injection to prevent medication leakage into subcutaneous tissue.

The needle should be inserted at an angle parallel to the patient's body for accurate penetration into the muscle tissue.

Post-injection massage helps to evenly disperse the drug throughout the affected muscle.

If blood return is observed when withdrawing the needle, it indicates that the injection was delivered into a vein.

Checking for blood return is not necessary when administering an intramuscular injection.

Veterinarians can only work in private clinical practice.

Some veterinarians focus exclusively on treating horses.

Veterinarians working in academia do not provide care for animals.

Research veterinarians do not contribute to advancing human health.

Veterinarians do not work in pharmaceutical or biomedical research firms.

Which of the following is NOT a recognized veterinary specialty by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)?

Which of the following attributes is NOT listed as a key quality for successful veterinarians?

According to the passage, what is the primary role of research veterinarians?

What do veterinarians working in academia NOT do, according to the passage?

In what type of environment do veterinarians typically work, according to the passage?

Endochondral Bone Formation

Bone is formed in the body in two ways:

Long bone formation begins in the primary growth centre in diaphysis and radiates outwards

Endochondral Bone Formation happens when?

Endochondral Bone Formation

Intramembranous Bone Formation Bone forms from fibrous membranes covering the brain in the developing fetus

Intramembranous Bone Formation Only occurs in certain skull bones, mandible, (note: dogs and cats do have a clavicle like humans)

Bone healing is ?

Bone healing

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