Respiratory System Assessment Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Where does gas exchange (diffusion of O2 and CO2) take place in the respiratory system?

  • Bronchi
  • Trachea
  • Alveoli (correct)
  • Pharynx

    • What is the purpose of the cilia in the respiratory system?

  • To secrete surfactant to prevent alveolar collapse
  • To aid in gas exchange in the alveoli
  • To move mucus back to the larynx (correct)
  • To warm and filter air in the nasal passages

    • Which structure is considered part of the lower respiratory system?

  • Bronchi and bronchioles (correct)
  • Larynx
  • Pharynx
  • Nose and sinuses

    • What happens during expiration in the respiratory system?

    <p>(Movement of chamber floor upward)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of type II alveolar cells in the lungs?

    <p>Secrete surfactant to prevent alveolar collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding the pathophysiology of chronic bronchitis?

    <p>Ciliary function is reduced, bronchial walls thicken, and mucous may plug airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of airflow obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

    <p>Abnormal inflammatory response to noxious particles or gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major clinical symptoms expected for patients with chronic bronchitis?

    <p>Cough and sputum production for at least 3 months in each of 2 consecutive years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the scar tissue in the parenchyma in the pathophysiology of COPD?

    <p>It decreases elastic recoil (compliance)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does chronic inflammation have on tissue in the pathophysiology of COPD?

    <p>It damages tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?

    <p>Airflow limitation that is not fully reversible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes narrowing of the airways in Chronic Bronchitis?

    <p>Reduced ciliary function and thickened bronchial walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between COPD and asthma?

    <p>COPD has airflow limitation that is not fully reversible, while asthma has primarily reversible inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to pulmonary hypertension in COPD?

    <p>Thickened vessel lining and hypertrophy of smooth muscle in pulmonary vasculature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the pathophysiology of chronic bronchitis?

    <p>Cough and sputum production for at least 3 months in each of 2 consecutive years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gas Exchange in the Respiratory System

    • Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli, where oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide diffuses out.

    Function of Cilia

    • Cilia in the respiratory tract serve to trap and expel mucus and debris, helping to keep the airways clear.

    Structures of the Lower Respiratory System

    • The trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs make up the lower respiratory system.

    Expiration Process

    • During expiration, the diaphragm relaxes, reducing thoracic volume, leading to air being pushed out of the lungs.

    Function of Type II Alveolar Cells

    • Type II alveolar cells produce surfactant, a substance that reduces surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse.

    Pathophysiology of Chronic Bronchitis

    • Chronic bronchitis is characterized by prolonged inflammation of the airways, excessive mucus production, and airway obstruction.

    Primary Cause of Airflow Obstruction in COPD

    • The primary cause of airflow obstruction in COPD is chronic inflammation and damage from long-term irritants, mainly cigarette smoke.

    Clinical Symptoms of Chronic Bronchitis

    • Major symptoms include chronic cough, increased sputum production, wheezing, and shortness of breath.

    Scar Tissue in COPD

    • Scar tissue forms in the lung parenchyma, leading to permanent destruction and reduced lung elasticity.

    Effect of Chronic Inflammation in COPD

    • Chronic inflammation results in airway narrowing and increased mucus production, exacerbating breathing difficulties.

    Primary Characteristic of COPD

    • COPD is primarily characterized by progressive airflow limitation that is not fully reversible.

    Airway Narrowing in Chronic Bronchitis

    • The narrowing of airways in chronic bronchitis is primarily caused by inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and structural changes.

    Difference Between COPD and Asthma

    • COPD typically involves irreversible airflow limitation, while asthma is characterized by reversible airway obstruction.

    Contribution to Pulmonary Hypertension in COPD

    • Airway obstruction and hypoxia in COPD can lead to increased pressure in pulmonary arteries, causing pulmonary hypertension.

    Pathophysiology of Chronic Bronchitis

    • Chronic bronchitis is described as a condition featuring persistent cough, sputum production due to prolonged inflammation, and airway obstruction.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the purpose, anatomy, physiology, assessment, and diagnostic tests related to the respiratory system with this assessment.

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