Respiratory System and Its Components

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What is the function of the respiratory system?

Digesting food and absorbing nutrients

Transporting air into the lungs and capturing oxygen from the air (correct)

Maintaining body temperature and regulating blood pressure

Transporting food into the stomach and eliminating waste from the body

What is the main component of the respiratory epithelium?

Stratified squamous epithelium

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia (correct)

Simple squamous epithelium

Transitional epithelium

What is the role of goblet cells in the respiratory tract?

Heat, moisten, and clean the air entering the lungs

Capture oxygen from the air and eliminate carbon dioxide

Move mucus towards the pharynx for expectoration or swallowing

Secrete mucus to trap particles or microorganisms suspended in the air (correct)

What is the function of the turbinates in the nasal cavity?

Increase surface area for air filtration and warming Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the short, stiff hairs in the nostrils?

Prevent the passage of large particles of dust in the air Signup and view all the answers

Where does gaseous exchange take place in the respiratory system?

In the lungs, capturing oxygen from the air and eliminating carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the larynx?

To phonate and prevent the entry of solids or liquids into the respiratory system during swallowing Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the respiratory system contains elastic cartilage and folds called vocal cords?

Larynx Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of type 2 pneumocytes in the alveoli?

To secrete pulmonary surfactant proteins to reduce surface tension and prevent alveoli from collapsing Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the blood?

Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

Where does the trachea extend to?

Opening of the larynx and esophagus Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Clara cells in the bronchioles?

To eliminate toxins from the inhaled air and maintain surface tension to keep the bronchioles open Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the seromucous glands in the nasal cavity?

To heat up, hydrate, and condition the air before it continues its path to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

Where do we find smooth and skeletal muscles that intervene in swallowing?

Pharynx Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the walls of bronchioles?

(Simple cuboidal epithelium + smooth muscle) without mucus glands or lymphoid elements Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for maintaining surface tension to keep the bronchioles open?

Clara cells Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for preventing the trachea from collapsing?

Rings of hyaline cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for phagocytizing dust particles or inhaled microorganisms to maintain a sterile environment inside the lungs?

Alveolar macrophages Signup and view all the answers