Respiratory System and Asthma Diagnosis

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What is the primary mechanism of action of short-acting β2-agonists (SABA) in asthma management?

Relaxing airway smooth muscle to relieve bronchospasm (correct)

Reducing inflammation in the airways

Inhibiting the release of mediators from mast cells

Increasing mucociliary clearance in the airways

What is the characteristic feature of chronic asthma that distinguishes it from acute asthma?

Complete reversibility of airflow obstruction

Recurring wheezing and dyspnea

Persistent airway inflammation (correct)

Intermittent airflow obstruction

Which of the following spirometry values is most commonly used to diagnose and monitor asthma?

Total lung capacity (TLC)

Forced vital capacity (FVC)

Peak expiratory flow (PEF)

Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (correct)

In asthma management, what is the primary goal of using inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)?

Reducing airway inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pharmacological classes is used to prevent asthma exacerbations by blocking the action of leukotrienes?

Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using a dry-powder inhaler (DPI) over a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) in asthma management?

Does not require coordination between actuation and inhalation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of diagnosis for chronic asthma?

Spirometry and confirmatory symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the best predictor of outcome in acute severe asthma?

Early response to treatment as measured by improvement in FEV1 at 30 minutes after inhaled β2-agonists Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for moderate persistent asthma?

Inhaled corticosteroids (low dose) and long-acting inhaled B2 agonist such as Salmeterol Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bronchodilators in the management of asthma?

To quickly reduce airway constriction and restore normal airflow Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pulse oximetry in diagnosing acute severe asthma?

To measure arterial oxygen and O2 saturations Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of anti-leukotriene drugs in the management of asthma?

To add to inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting inhaled B2 agonists in moderate persistent asthma Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of stepwise therapy for asthma management?

To control symptoms and prevent exacerbations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of methylxanthines on the respiratory system?

Relaxing smooth muscle around bronchioles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA's) in asthma treatment?

Treatment of stable, mild, persistent asthma Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of intermittent asthma?

Symptoms occur ≤2 days/week and ≤2 nights/month Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is approved for use in children aged 2 and older for the treatment of asthma?

Montelukast (Singulair) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of mast cell stabilizers in the management of asthma?

To prevent the release of histamine and other mediators from mast cells Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of anticholinergic medications, such as ipratropium bromide?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for mast cell degranulation inhibitors, such as cromolyn and nedocromil?

Attenuating bronchospasm caused by exercise, cold air, aspirin, and environmental pollutants Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for severe persistent asthma?

PO prednisone or if severe IV corticosteroids, and additional medications Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of corticosteroids in asthma treatment?

Blocking reaction to allergen and reducing airway hyperresponsiveness Signup and view all the answers