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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the paranasal air sinuses?
What is the main function of the paranasal air sinuses?
What is the name of the depression between the vestibular fold and the vocal fold in the larynx?
What is the name of the depression between the vestibular fold and the vocal fold in the larynx?
What is the length of the trachea?
What is the length of the trachea?
What is the boundary of the floor of the nasal cavity?
What is the boundary of the floor of the nasal cavity?
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What is the function of the nasal conchae?
What is the function of the nasal conchae?
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What is the characteristic of the direction of the right bronchus compared to the left bronchus?
What is the characteristic of the direction of the right bronchus compared to the left bronchus?
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What is the characteristic of the lobar division of the right lung compared to the left lung?
What is the characteristic of the lobar division of the right lung compared to the left lung?
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What is the relationship between the base of the lung and the diaphragm?
What is the relationship between the base of the lung and the diaphragm?
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What is the characteristic of the anterior border of the left lung compared to the right lung?
What is the characteristic of the anterior border of the left lung compared to the right lung?
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What is the characteristic of the pleural space?
What is the characteristic of the pleural space?
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Study Notes
Respiratory System
- The respiratory system is composed of the nose, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, and two lungs.
Nasal Cavity
- The nasal cavity is divided into two halves by the nasal septum.
- Boundaries: roof (frontal, nasal, and sphenoid bones), floor (hard palate), medial wall (nasal septum), and lateral wall (with 3 elevations called nasal conchae and 3 depressions called nasal meatuses).
Paranasal Air Sinuses
- Spaces in skull bones filled with air and lined with mucosa.
- Include: frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary sinuses.
- Functions: add resonance to voice and lighten skull bones.
Larynx
- Organ of phonation and part of respiratory tract.
- Extends from root of tongue to trachea.
- Structure: formed of cartilages joined by membranes and muscles.
- Side wall has a pair of folds: vestibular fold (upper) and vocal fold (lower), with a depression called the sinus of the larynx.
Trachea
- Fibro-muscular tube, 10 cm long, containing incomplete cartilaginous rings.
- Begins at the lower border of the cricoid cartilage (C6) and terminates at the level of T4 (sternal angle).
- Divides into two bronchi (right and left), each entering a corresponding lung.
Bronchi
- Differences between right and left bronchi:
- Right bronchus: shorter, wider, more vertical, and divides before entering the lung.
- Left bronchus: longer, narrower, more horizontal, and divides inside the lung.
Lung
- Conical in shape, with an apex, base, three borders (anterior, posterior, and inferior), and two surfaces (medial and costal).
- Apex extends up to 1 inch above the medial third of the clavicle.
- Base is concave and related to diaphragmatic pleura, copula of the diaphragm, and liver (right lung) or liver, stomach (fundus), and spleen (left lung).
Lobes and Fissures of the Lungs
- Right lung: divided into three lobes (superior, middle, and inferior) by two fissures (oblique and transverse).
- Left lung: divided into two lobes (superior and inferior) by the oblique fissure.
Differences between Right and Left Lungs
- Right lung: larger and wider, shorter, straight anterior border, three lobes, and two bronchi.
- Left lung: smaller and narrower, longer, cardiac notch in anterior border, two lobes, and one bronchus.
Pleura
- Closed serous sac invaginated by the lung from its medial side.
- Layers: visceral layer (lines lung surfaces and fissures) and parietal layer (lines thoracic wall and other structures).
- Pleural space between both layers contains a minimal amount of serous fluid.
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Description
This quiz covers the structures that make up the respiratory system, including the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs.
