Respiratory System Anatomy Quiz

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the primary function of type II cells in the alveoli?

To regulate air exchange in the alveoli

To produce mucus in the alveoli

To produce surfactant in the alveoli (correct)

To filter out dust from the alveoli

What is the name of the membrane-bound organelles containing whorls of phospholipid produced by type II cells?

Lysosomes

Lamellar bodies (correct)

Endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

What forms from the extruded lamellar bodies in the alveolar lumen?

Bronchioles

Tubular myelin (correct)

Alveolar sacs

Pulmonary vessels

How do the phospholipids of surfactant line up in the alveoli?

With their hydrophobic fatty acid tails facing the alveolar lumen Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the surface tension in the alveoli as they enlarge during inspiration?

It increases Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the surfactant molecules as the alveoli enlarge during inspiration?

They move further apart Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the surface tension in the alveoli as they decrease in size during expiration?

It decreases Signup and view all the answers

What happens to some of the protein-lipid complexes in surfactant after secretion?

They are taken up by endocytosis in type II alveolar cells and recycled Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between surface tension and surfactant concentration per unit area in the alveoli?

Surface tension is inversely proportional to surfactant concentration Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of surfactant in the alveoli?

It reduces surface tension in the alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What is the average distance between air and blood in the alveoli?

0.5 um Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in the lungs?

To ingest small particles and process inhaled antigens Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the diaphragm is also the inferior part of the pericardium?

Central tendon Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of contraction of the crural fibers of the diaphragm on the esophagus?

It compresses the esophagus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the external intercostal muscles during inspiration?

They elevate the ribs Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of transection of the spinal cord above the 3rd cervical segment?

Death due to respiratory failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pleural fluid?

To prevent friction between the pleural surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What is the average volume of pleural fluid in healthy adults?

15-20 mL Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the pleura lines the chest cavity?

Parietal pleura Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of contraction of the costal fibers of the diaphragm on intra-abdominal pressure?

It increases intra-abdominal pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

To transport gases in and out of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the region of the respiratory tract that includes the nose, nasal cavity, and mouth?

Upper airway Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate size of particulates that tend to not be inhaled through the nose?

20-50um Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the gene that is abnormal in cystic fibrosis?

CFTR Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the most common mutation causing cystic fibrosis on the CFTR protein?

It limits the amount of CFTR protein that reaches the plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of suppressed chloride secretion in the airways in cystic fibrosis?

Enhanced Na+ reabsorption in the airways Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of the alveolar epithelial surface area covered by type I cells?

95% Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the type of epithelial cells that are thicker and contain numerous lamellar inclusion bodies in the alveoli?

Type II cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of epithelial cells in the alveoli that are type II cells?

60% Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bacterium that often causes repeated pulmonary infections in individuals with cystic fibrosis?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Signup and view all the answers