Respiratory System Anatomy Quiz

Questions and Answers

What components form the conducting portion and the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?

Where is pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells found?

trachea, main bronchi and muscular bronchi

What type of epithelium is found in terminal bronchiole?

simple columnar epithelium with ciliated cells and non-ciliated Clara cells

What type of epithelium is found in respiratory bronchiole?

simple columnar epithelium changing to simple cuboidal with ciliated cells and non-ciliated Clara cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium is found in alveolar ducts and sacs?

simple cuboidal/squamous with no cilia or Clara cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium is found in epiglottis?

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Where can glands be found?

larynx, epiglottis, trachea, bronchi and muscular bronchi Signup and view all the answers

Where can cartilage be found?

larynx, epiglottis, trachea and bronchi Signup and view all the answers

Where can alveoli be found?

respiratory bronchiole, alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of alveolar pores?

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What type of epithelium is found in alveoli?

simple squamous epithelium with Type I and II pneumocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of alveolar pores?

They connect adjacent alveoli and equalize intra-alveolar pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What capillary type is found in the walls of alveoli?

continuous capillary Signup and view all the answers

What cell types are found in alveoli?

Type I squamous cells, Type II great alveolar cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and alveolar phagocytes. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by blood gas barrier? What are components of this barrier?

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What is the cause of respiratory distress syndrome in premature newborns?

lack of surfactant Signup and view all the answers

What effects do immotile cilia have in the lung?

They cause reduced or absent mucus clearance from the lungs, and susceptibility to chronic recurrent respiratory infections. Signup and view all the answers

What are causes of emphysema?

Loss of elastic fiber Signup and view all the answers

What is olfactory epithelium?

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What is the function of Bowman's glands?

They secrete serous fluid on the surface to trap odor substances. Signup and view all the answers

Where are olfactory receptors located?

on the ciliary membrane Signup and view all the answers

What do Clara cells do?

They secrete mucus, proteolytic enzymes, protease inhibitors, and surfactants. Signup and view all the answers

What are functions of dust cells?

= fixed macrophages: lung defense mechanism Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory System Components

The conducting portion includes structures like the trachea, main bronchi, and muscular bronchi.
The respiratory portion consists of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs.

Epithelial Types in Respiratory Structures

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells is located in the trachea, main bronchi, and muscular bronchi.
Terminal bronchioles have simple columnar epithelium with ciliated cells and non-ciliated Clara cells.
Respiratory bronchioles feature simple columnar epithelium transitioning to simple cuboidal epithelium, containing ciliated and Clara cells.
Alveolar ducts and sacs are lined with simple cuboidal or squamous epithelium without cilia or Clara cells.
Alveoli are composed of simple squamous epithelium, which includes Type I and Type II pneumocytes.

Glands, Cartilage, and Alveoli Locations

Glands can be found in the larynx, epiglottis, trachea, bronchi, and muscular bronchi.
Cartilage is present in the larynx, epiglottis, trachea, and bronchi.
Alveoli are located in respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs.

Alveolar Functions

Alveolar pores connect adjacent alveoli and help equalize intra-alveolar pressure while permitting the spread of infection.
Continuous capillaries are found within the walls of alveoli.
Alveoli contain various cell types: Type I (squamous cells forming the lining), Type II (great alveolar cells secreting surfactant), endothelial cells of capillaries, fibroblasts, and alveolar phagocytes (heart failure cells).

Blood Gas Barrier

The blood gas barrier prevents air bubbles in blood and blood from entering the alveoli.
Components of the barrier include Type I pneumocytes, endothelial cells, and the basement membrane.

Respiratory Conditions and Effects

Respiratory distress syndrome in premature newborns is caused by a lack of surfactant.
Immotile cilia lead to reduced mucus clearance, increasing susceptibility to respiratory infections.
Emphysema is associated with the loss of elastic fibers.

Olfactory System

Olfactory epithelium contains receptors located on ciliary membranes.
Bowman's glands secrete serous fluid to trap odorous substances.
Clara cells produce mucus, enzymes, and surfactants, and possess detoxifying cytochrome P450 enzymes, contributing to airway maintenance and reduction of inflammation.

Immune Response in Lungs

Dust cells act as fixed macrophages, providing a lung defense mechanism against pathogens and debris.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the components and epithelial types of the respiratory system. This quiz covers the structures involved in conducting and respiratory portions, including the types of epithelium and gland locations. Prepare to deepen your understanding of respiratory anatomy!