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Questions and Answers
What breathing pattern is characterized by irregular breaths with varying depths?
Which of the following breathing patterns signifies an attempt to compensate for metabolic acidosis?
What condition is most likely associated with the presence of crackles during respiration?
Which mechanism primarily causes the production of crackles during breathing?
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In what situation would you expect to see hypoventilation affecting gas exchange?
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What condition is indicated by the presence of bronchophony?
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Which breath sound is commonly characterized by a continuous, coarse whistling sound?
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What causes crackles to be heard during auscultation?
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Which term describes a breathing pattern that is progressively deeper and sometimes faster?
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What is the primary physiological mechanism that leads to wheezing in asthma patients?
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Which sound is indicative of upper airway obstruction?
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What characteristic distinguishes coarse rattling sounds described as rhonchi?
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A low-pitched wheeze often heard in chronic bronchitis is also referred to as which of the following?
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What is the primary cause of stridor in patients?
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Which of the following describes how the sound of pleural friction rub is characterized?
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What is the primary function of the pleura in the respiratory system?
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What condition is characterized by the presence of pus in the pleural space?
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Which statement correctly describes a productive cough?
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Which structure prevents food from entering the airway during swallowing?
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Which type of sputum color suggests a possible viral infection?
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What term describes a condition characterized by difficulty breathing?
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During which respiration pattern is one likely to experience rapid breathing?
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What is the primary role of cilia in the respiratory system?
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What is the best description of bradypnea?
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Which of the following best describes the term hemoptysis?
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Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for humidifying and warming the air?
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What does the term ephysema refer to within respiratory conditions?
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In respiratory assessment, what does the COLDSPA acronym help evaluate?
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Which respiratory structure connects the pharynx to the bronchial tubes?
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Study Notes
Respiratory System Anatomy and Physiology
- Pleura is a thin membrane that surrounds the lungs.
- Pleural space is the space between the visceral and parietal pleura.
- Pneumothorax is a condition where air enters the pleural space.
- Empyema is a condition where pus enters the pleural space.
- Thoracocentesis is a procedure used to drain fluid from the pleural space.
- Cilia are tiny hairs in the airways which help to protect from harmful substances and irritants.
- Epiglottis is a flap of tissue that covers the opening to the trachea during swallowing.
- Dysphagia is difficulty swallowing.
- Larynx (voice box) allows us to talk and make sound.
Assessing the Respiratory System
Subjective Data
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Cough:
- Productive cough produces sputum (phlegm).
- Non-productive cough is a dry cough.
- Hoarse cough can indicate an issue with the vocal cords.
- Barking cough is often associated with croup.
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Sputum Color:
- Clear is normal.
- Yellowish (purulent) suggests bacterial infection.
- Rust colored can indicate pneumonia.
- Greenish can indicate a viral infection.
- Pink colored (pink fruity sputum) can indicate hemothorax (blood in the chest cavity).
- Hemoptysis is blood in the sputum.
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Dyspnea:
- Difficulty breathing.
- Shortness of breath.
- Pain during inhalation or exhalation.
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Chest Pain:
- Assess location, quality, and pain scale.
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Associated Symptoms:
- Ask about symptoms outside the respiratory system.
- Ask about past medical history, medications, environmental surroundings, and occupation.
Objective Data
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Visual Inspection:
- Observe facial expression, skin color, moisture, and temperature.
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Tactile Fremitus:
- Increased tactile fremitus can indicate consolidation (fluid buildup) in the lungs.
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Bronchophony:
- Loud, clear transmission of spoken words through the stethoscope.
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Aegophony:
- Speaking the letter "E" is heard as the letter "A" through the stethoscope.
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Whispering Pectoriloquy:
- Whispering is clearly heard through the stethoscope.
Breath Sounds
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Crackles:
- Interrupted, non-musical sounds.
- Heard during inspiration.
- Often caused by fluid, mucous, or pus in the airways.
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Rhonchi:
- Coarse rattling sounds, sometimes like snoring.
- Caused by secretions in the bronchial pathways.
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Wheezes:
- Continuous whistling sounds.
- Indicate airway narrowing.
- High-pitched wheezes (sibilant) are heard during bronchospasm (asthma).
- Low-pitched wheezes (sonorous) are heard when secretions narrow airways (chronic bronchitis).
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Stridor:
- Loud, high-pitched wheezing sound, usually heard over the trachea.
- Indicates upper airway obstruction.
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Pleural Friction Rub:
- Squeaking or grating sound.
- Indicates pleural inflammation.
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Altered Breathing Patterns:
- Cheyne-Stokes Breathing: Progressively deeper, faster breathing followed by periods of apnea.
- Kussmaul’s Breathing: Deep, labored breathing. Indicates severe metabolic acidosis.
- Biot’s Breathing: Irregular breathing with periods of apnea.
- Apneustic Breathing: Deeper gasping inspiration.
- Hypoventilation: Inadequate ventilation.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system. This quiz covers essential terms like pleura, pneumothorax, and thoracocentesis, and assesses your understanding of subjective data related to respiratory health. Ideal for students in health sciences or related fields.
