Respiratory Support and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Basics

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What is the primary consequence of increased pulmonary vascular permeability in acute respiratory distress syndrome?

Loss of aerated lung tissue (correct)

Increased cardiac output

Decreased lung weight

Increased lung elasticity

What is the primary criterion for diagnosing respiratory failure in the Berlin Classification of ARDS?

Bilateral radiographic opacities

Increased physiological dead space

Oxygenation with PaO2/FiO2 < 200 mmHg

Hypoxemia with PEEP > 5 cm H2O (correct)

What is the characteristic timing of ARDS according to the Berlin Classification?

Within 1-2 weeks of a known clinical insult

Within 2-4 weeks of a known clinical insult or new or worsening respiratory symptoms

Within 1 week of a known clinical insult or new or worsening respiratory symptoms (correct)

Within 1-3 days of a known clinical insult

What is the definition of moderate ARDS according to the Berlin Classification?

PaO2/FiO2 between 100-200 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic radiographic feature of ARDS according to the Berlin Classification?

Bilateral opacities – not fully explained by effusions, lobar/lung collapse, or nodules Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of increased venous admixture in acute respiratory distress syndrome?

Decreased oxygenation Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of severe ARDS according to the Berlin Classification?

PaO2/FiO2 < 100 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of decreased lung compliance in acute respiratory distress syndrome?

Increased work of breathing Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic origin of edema in acute respiratory distress syndrome according to the Berlin Classification?

Non-cardiogenic Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of increased pulmonary vascular permeability on the lungs?

Increased lung weight Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of bilateral radiographic opacities on lung function?

Decreased lung compliance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism underlying the development of hypoxemia in ARDS?

Decreased oxygen delivery to tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of increased physiological dead space on respiratory function?

Impaired gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the inflammatory response in ARDS?

Acute and diffuse Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary timing of ARDS development after a known clinical insult?

Within 1 week Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of PEEP > 5 cm H20 on oxygenation in ARDS?

Increased oxygenation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of lung injury in ARDS?

Diffuse and irreversible Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of loss of aerated lung tissue in ARDS?

Impaired lung function Signup and view all the answers