Animal Med 1 End of chapter Q's chapt 7, 10, 11, 12
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Questions and Answers

In the healthy awake animal, the main stimulus to breathe is the result of:

  • Excess oxygen concentration in the blood
  • Excess carbon dioxide concentration in the blood (correct)
  • Insufficient oxygen in the blood
  • Insufficient carbon dioxide in the blood

    • In the healthy awake animal, exhalation lasts at least __ times as long as inhalation

  • 1/2
  • 2 (correct)
  • 3
  • 4

    • The normal VT in an awake animal is __mL/kg

  • 5-10
  • 10-15 (correct)
  • 15-20
  • 20-25

    • In the anesthetized animal that is breathing room air, the anesthetist may expect to see:

    <p>An increase in the Paco2 and a decrease in the Pao2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When used in a line block, a local anesthetic agent will have a direct effect on the :

    <p>Peripheral nervous system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Local anesthetics block transmission of nerve impulses from:

    <p>Sensory, motor, and autonomic neurons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Local anesthetic agents work because:

    <p>They interfere with the movement of sodium ions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a local anesthetic is injected around a single major nerve, the procedure is referred to as a(n):

    <p>Infiltration nerve block (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epinephrine may be mixed with a local anesthetic agent to prolong the effects of the drug

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When performing an epidural, one must be aware that the spinal cord in a cat may extend as far caudally as:

    <p>S1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The maximum subcutaneous dose of lidocaine for a dog is __mg/kg

    <p>10 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When performing IV regional anesthesia (bier block), one should use lidocaine

    <p>without epinephrine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common acid-base abnormality in anesthetized patients

    <p>Respiratory acidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When intermittent mandatory manual ventilation is applied to a patient that is connected to a circle system with a precision vaporizer, it is customary to:

    <p>Decrease the vaporizer setting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be used to monitor anesthetic depth in a patient that has been given a neuromuscular blocking agent

    <p>Heart rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A neuromuscular blocking agent will not only paralyze skeletal muscle, but also provide some analgesia

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When an animal is given a _________ neuromuscular blocking agent, an initial surge of muscle activity may be seen before there is paralysis of the muscles

    <p>Depolarizing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The muscle type that is most affected by neuromuscular blocking agents is:

    <p>Skeletal muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Both depolarizing and nondepolarizing drugs can be reversed

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Problems that may result from excessive controlled ventilation may include:

    <p>A decrease in cardiac output (A), A state of respiratory alkalosis (C), Ruptured alveoli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Local anesthetic agents such as lidocaine or proparacaine work well when applied:

    <p>Topically on mucous membranes (B), Topically on the cornea (C), Through injection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Factors that may interfere with the action of local anesthesia agents include:

    <p>Fat (A), Scar tissue (B), Hemorrhage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Clinical signs of systemic toxicity from a local anesthetic agent may include:

    <p>Sedation (A), Convulsions (B), Muscle twitching (C), Respiratory depression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The effects that could result from an epidural anesthetic if the drug reaches the thoracic and cervical spinal chord include:

    <p>Sympathetic blockade (A), Paralysis of intercostal muscles (B), Paralysis of the diaphragm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Comparing the sensitivity of cattle, horses and swine to xylazine, which of the following is true?

    <p>Cattle are more sensitive than horses, which are more sensitive than swine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An anticholinergic is an essential component of premedication in ruminants

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Double drip" contains which two drugs

    <p>Guaifenesin and ketamine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    You plan to anesthetize a 100kg bull and maintain anesthesia using an inhalant technique. Which of the following statements regarding intubation is correct?

    <p>You will have to intubate the bull manually (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is common for anesthetized ruminants to hypoventilate

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Positioning the head of an anesthetized ruminant with the pharynx higher than the mouth helps to prevent:

    <p>Aspiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ruminants should be placed in sternal recumbency during recovery to allow them to:

    <p>Eructate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A hematoma that results from unsuccessful jugular catheterization in a camelid may result in which of the following?

    <p>Pressure on the tracheal wall (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When recovering a camelid after general anesthesia, how should it be positioned

    <p>In sternal recumbency, with head elevated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intubation is made easier in pigs by

    <p>the use of a stylet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding porcine anesthesia is true

    <p>IV sedation is virtually impossible in healthy pigs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of porcine stress syndrome

    <p>Hypothermia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding use of standing chemical restraint for performing surgery on a horse

    <p>The head must be supported in a normal position to avoid nasal congestion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a horse becomes excited after it has been premedicated with xylazine IV before general anesthesia, the next step the anesthetist should take is to:

    <p>Allow the horse time to calm down before proceeding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Appropriate positioning and padding of the horse on the surgery table are essential to prevent

    <p>Myopathies and neuropathies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is/are the main reason(s) for including guaifenesin in an induction protocol in horses?

    <p>Muscle relaxation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An inhalant induction via nasotracheal tube placement is appropriate for which of the following patients

    <p>A 3w/o foal undergoing colic surgery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most common complications in horses during maintenance of anesthesia with inhalant anesthetics are:

    <p>Hypoxemia, hypotension, hypoventilation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used to treat hypotension in the anesthetized horse

    <p>Dobutamine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Of all phases of anesthesia, recovery poses the highest risk to the horse and is the phase over which the anesthetist has the least control

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A horse has recovered from anesthesia following arthroscopy, and shows the following clinical signs: hard, swollen, gluteal muscles; stiff gait; and reluctance to walk. The most likely diagnosis is:

    <p>Myopathy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes endotracheal intubation in the horse

    <p>Intubation is performed blindly, with the head and neck extended (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glycopyrrolate should be used instead of atropine in rabbits because:

    <p>Many rabbits have high levels of atropinase, so atropine is relatively ineffective (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pulse oximeters can be used in small mammals, but they may not be reliable because:

    <p>The heart rate of the animal may exceed the upper range of the instrument (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The position of the eye cannot be used to assess the depth of anesthesia in rodents because:

    <p>The position of the eye does not change during anesthesia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An advantage of using dexmedetomidine combined with ketamine for anesthesia of rodents and rabbits is that:

    <p>It can be partially reversed using atipamezole, allowing faster recovery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An adult mouse weighing 40g will have a blood volume of approximately:

    <p>3mL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When fluids such as LRS solution are given to small mammals, they should be:

    <p>Warmed to body temperature before administration to avoid causing hypothermia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anesthetic breathing systems for use with small rabbits should:

    <p>Have low equipment dead space (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When small rodents are anesthetized with injectable anesthetics:

    <p>Oxygen should be administered because most anesthetics depress respiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Postoperative analgesia should be given to rodents and rabbits to alleviate pain, but:

    <p>Opioids must be given with care if a neuroleptanalgesic mixture has been used for anesthesia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is postoperative pain is not alleviated in rabbits, then:

    <p>Animals will not eat or drink normally (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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