Respiratory Physiology Quiz

<p>Blood and the alveoli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>100 mmHg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assist in forced inhalation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the amount of air reaching the alveoli is less than the amount of blood flow in the capillaries. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kidney Stones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To expand the chest cavity during inspiration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal Respiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provides airway for respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preventing food or fluids from entering the lungs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type II cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Removal of contaminants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The right lung has 3 lobes, while the left has 2. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nasopharynx → Oropharynx → Laryngopharynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveoli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Covers the outer surface of the lungs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To remove foreign particles and debris from the alveoli and bronchioles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood, while carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased difficulty in inflating the lungs during inhalation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alveolar ducts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitating gas exchange between the blood and the alveoli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supplying oxygenated blood to the lung tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Terminal bronchioles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continued smoking or exposure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elastase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic productive cough (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alveolar wall destruction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asthma exacerbation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A life-threatening condition requiring immediate medical attention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emphysema (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low levels of Alpha-1-antitrypsin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continued smoking or exposure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pink puffers have emphysema, blue bloaters have chronic bronchitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alveolar wall destruction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To inhibit the activity of elastase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of repeatable triggers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation and narrowing of the airways (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased MMPs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prenatal exposure to maternal smoking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bronchial hyper-reactivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Histamine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytokines and TNF-a (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiratory syncytial virus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is permanent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulating IgE production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tobacco smoke (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Release of acetylcholine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cold air (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To monitor changes in lung function over time in people with asthma. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FEV1 / FVC ratio (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Progressive lung fibrosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exposure to allergens during pregnancy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early exposure to bacteria and endotoxins may protect against asthma development. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pollen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiratory tissues and chest wall become more rigid, leading to a decrease in vital capacity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To contract and expand the chest cavity, aiding in inhalation and exhalation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To relax smooth muscle in the airways, widening them. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute compensation occurs rapidly, while chronic compensation is slower and more sustained. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reabsorb or excrete bicarbonate (HCO3-) from the blood. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Persistent cough (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The airways become overly sensitive to various triggers, leading to narrowing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can strengthen the immune system and reduce the likelihood of asthma. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To trap foreign particles and move them out of the airways. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provides airway for respiration, moistens and filters air, contains olfactory receptors.

Air-containing cavities in the skull lined with mucous membrane, decreases skull weight and increases voice resonance.

Upper part of the throat that serves as an air and food passageway, divided into nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.

Connects the pharynx to the trachea, contains vocal cords and roles in protection and coughing.

The windpipe that connects the larynx to the bronchi, allowing air passage to the lungs.

Branches of the trachea that lead to the lungs, containing mucus and cilia for filtering air.

Organs containing lobes for gas exchange, right lung has 3 lobes, left has 2, covered by pleura.

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs, surrounded by capillaries.

Squamous epithelial cells in alveoli, facilitating gas exchange.

Cuboidal epithelial cells in alveoli that secrete surfactant to reduce surface tension.

The ability of the lungs/alveoli to expand during inhalation.

Blood vessels responsible for transporting deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.

Pathways that conduct air into the lungs, from nose to bronchioles.

The process of gas exchange between the atmosphere, blood, and cells.

The process of moving air into and out of the lungs.

An active process of normal breathing involving diaphragm and intercostal muscles.

Enhanced breathing using additional muscles (sternocleidomastoids, scalenes) during high demand.

A passive process where the diaphragm relaxes and rises, allowing air to exit.

Active contraction of muscles to expel air quickly, used when airflow is obstructed.

Gas exchange between air and blood in the alveoli; O2 taken in, CO2 released.

An imbalance between ventilation and perfusion leading to inadequate gas exchange and hypoxemia.

Gas exchange between blood and tissues; oxygen enters cells while carbon dioxide leaves.

A dietary deficiency linked to several health issues, including asthma.

Exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy can increase asthma risk in children.

A pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and can influence asthma risk.

Certain viral infections in childhood, like RSV and HRV, are predictive of asthma later in life.

Contact with tobacco smoke, either first or second-hand, increases asthma risk during adulthood.

Excess body weight contributes to the development and exacerbation of asthma symptoms.

Factors like irritants, infections, and weather changes that can provoke asthma symptoms.

An exaggerated response of the airways to various stimuli, a key feature in asthma.

Irreversible changes in the airway structure due to chronic inflammation from asthma.

Substances released by mast cells during an asthma attack, leading to bronchoconstriction.

Pressure exerted by dissolved CO2 in blood.

Level of oxygenation in arterial blood.

Disorder from altered HCO3, influenced by kidneys.

Disorder from altered CO2 levels, influenced by lungs.

Lungs adjust CO2 retention/excretion to balance pH.

Kidneys adjust HCO3 retention/excretion for pH balance.

Test to assess pulmonary performance by measuring airflow.

Used by asthmatics to monitor breathing capacity.

Helps differentiate between restrictive and obstructive lung diseases.

Characterized by low FEV1/FVC ratio and normal FVC.

Normal FEV1/FVC ratio with low FVC.

Chronic inflammatory disorder causing wheezing and dyspnea.

Influence of genes on development and severity of asthma.

Limited exposure to infections may increase allergy development.

Atopic individuals have allergic responses leading to asthma.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation.

A severe asthma exacerbation that is unresponsive to standard treatments, requiring intensive management.

A type of COPD marked by destruction of alveolar walls, leading to loss of lung elasticity and air trapping.

A type of COPD characterized by chronic cough and mucus production due to inflammation of the bronchi.

Low levels of oxygen in the blood, often seen in severe respiratory conditions.

Impaired function of the cilia and mucus in clearing airways, common in chronic lung diseases.

Reduced ability to expel air from the lungs, characteristic of COPD.

Persistent cough and shortness of breath, key symptoms of many chronic lung diseases.

A medication that relaxes and opens the airways, commonly used in asthma and COPD treatment.

Accumulation of immune cells in the lungs during chronic lung inflammation.

Genetic tendency to develop allergic diseases like asthma and eczema, often linked to environmental triggers.

Elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood, often due to hypoventilation or severe respiratory conditions.