Respiratory Organs in Animals Quiz

Study Notes

Gills are found in aquatic animals like fish, consisting of thin filaments or plates that provide a large surface area for gas exchange.
Lungs are found in mammals, including humans, and are spongy organs filled with air sacs called alveoli, where gas exchange occurs between air and blood.

External Respiration: the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the lungs and the bloodstream.
Internal Respiration: the exchange of gases between the bloodstream and body tissues.

The primary entrance for air into the respiratory system is the nose or nasal cavity, which includes nostrils and choanae.
The pharynx is a muscular tube that connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the esophagus and larynx.
The larynx is located below the pharynx and houses the vocal cords, serving as a passageway for air to the trachea and playing a role in speech production.
The trachea is a flexible tube lined with ciliated cells and cartilage rings that help keep it open, involving the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide.

Transpiration is the loss of water vapor from the aerial parts of plants, primarily through small openings called stomata on the surfaces of leaves.
Water Potential is a measure of the potential energy of water in a system compared to pure water at atmospheric pressure and temperature.
Guttation refers to the exudation of water droplets from the tips or edges of leaves or other aerial parts of plants.
Turgor Pressure is the pressure exerted by the fluid inside the central vacuole of plant cells against the cell wall.

Direct Respiration: some organisms, like small aquatic animals, exchange gases directly through their body surface.
Indirect Respiration: most animals, including humans, use specialized respiratory organs like lungs or gills for gas exchange.

Tracheal Systems are found in insects and consist of a network of tubes (tracheae) that deliver oxygen directly to cells.
Air enters through small openings called spiracles and travels through the tubes to reach body tissues.

The trachea connects the larynx to the bronchi and allows air to pass into the lungs.
Bronchi are the two main branches of the trachea that lead to the lungs, further dividing into smaller tubes called bronchioles.
Alveoli are tiny air sacs clustered at the ends of bronchioles within the lungs, where gas exchange occurs between air and blood.

Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to body tissues.
Hemoglobin also helps transport carbon dioxide from tissues back to the lungs for exhalation.
Stomata are small openings where gas exchange occurs in plants, surrounded by guard cells that regulate their opening and closing to control gas exchange and minimize water loss.