Week9D2

Questions and Answers

What is primarily responsible for the irreversible airflow limitation seen in COPD?

Acute infections

Aging process

Noxious particles and gases (correct)

Genetic predisposition

Which nursing diagnosis indicates difficulty in maintaining a clear airway?

Impaired gas exchange

Ineffective breathing patterns

Ineffective airway clearance (correct)

Ineffective oxygenation

What significant change occurs in the pulmonary capillaries due to inflammation in COPD?

Thickening of the capillary walls (correct)

Decreased capillary permeability

Dilation of capillaries

Formation of additional capillary beds

What is the most common risk factor contributing to the development of COPD?

Smoking Signup and view all the answers

What results in impaired gas exchange in COPD patients?

Narrowing of airways and thickened alveolar membranes Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is most commonly experienced by individuals with COPD?

Dyspnea on exertion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical manifestation of lower respiratory disorders?

Peripheral edema Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of COPD being the 4th leading cause of death in the US?

It indicates the need for increased research funding. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the pathophysiology of chronic bronchitis?

Inflammation and thickening of bronchial walls leading to narrowed lumens. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary nursing diagnosis for a patient suffering from emphysema?

Impaired gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

Which lab result is most likely to be observed in a patient with chronic bronchitis?

Hct 62% Signup and view all the answers

How does smoking cessation primarily impact COPD management?

It reduces further risk of lung inflammation. Signup and view all the answers

What complication might arise from mucus plugs in chronic bronchitis?

Bacterial growth leading to infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD patients?

Support in lifestyle changes and physical conditioning Signup and view all the answers

What is a common primary symptom of COPD that is often reported by patients?

Dyspnea on exertion Signup and view all the answers

Which is a common side effect associated with glucocorticoids in COPD treatment?

Electrolyte imbalance and fluid retention Signup and view all the answers

What identifies emphysema as a disease affecting the alveoli?

Loss of elastic recoil Signup and view all the answers

In the context of COPD, which medication class is primarily utilized to relieve bronchospasms?

Bronchodilators Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is characteristic of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?

Progressive dyspnea on exertion Signup and view all the answers

The inflammation process in COPD leads to narrowing of the airways.

True Signup and view all the answers

List one nursing diagnosis relevant to respiratory issues.

Ineffective breathing patterns Signup and view all the answers

COPD is primarily caused by _____, which leads to an abnormal inflammatory response in the lungs.

smoking Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of mucus obstruction in the respiratory tract?

Ineffective airway clearance Signup and view all the answers

Match the following symptoms with their corresponding conditions:

Dyspnea on exertion = COPD Thickened pulmonary capillary walls = COPD Inability to clear secretions = Ineffective airway clearance Impaired ability to oxygenate blood = Impaired gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

COPD is currently the leading cause of disability in the US.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential outcome of the abnormal inflammatory response in the lungs due to COPD?

Narrowing of the airway Signup and view all the answers

What condition does not fall under COPD?

Asthma Signup and view all the answers

Chronic bronchitis involves inflammation and mucus secretion in the airways.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nursing diagnosis for a client with chronic bronchitis?

Ineffective airway clearance Signup and view all the answers

Emphysema is primarily a disease of the ___________.

alveoli Signup and view all the answers

Match the symptom with its classification in COPD:

Cough = Primary S&S Dyspnea on exertion = Primary S&S Weight loss = Secondary S&S Barrel chest = Secondary S&S Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following oxygen saturation readings requires immediate nursing intervention?

89% Signup and view all the answers

Smoking cessation is a crucial component in the management of COPD.

True Signup and view all the answers

Name a class of medication used as a primary treatment for COPD.

Bronchodilators Signup and view all the answers

The pathophysiology of chronic bronchitis includes thickening of the bronchial walls and narrowing of the ___________.

lumen Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is an example of a corticosteroid used in COPD management?

Prednisone Signup and view all the answers

What is one key pathophysiological mechanism involved in asthma?

Bronchial smooth muscle hypersensitivity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is considered intrinsic for asthma?

Emotional stress Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of unmanaged asthma?

Status Asthmaticus Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes chronic bronchitis from emphysema in terms of symptoms?

Chronic productive cough Signup and view all the answers

In COPD patients, what is a significant risk associated with oxygen therapy?

Hypoventilation Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class is used for immediate relief during an asthma attack?

Adrenergic bronchodilators Signup and view all the answers

What common symptom might indicate an asthma episode is progressing to a more severe state?

Increased respiratory effort Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic tool measures a patient's ability to forcibly exhale and is critical in asthma evaluation?

Spirometer Signup and view all the answers

What is the most severe effect of pneumonia on the process of ventilation?

Reduced oxygen delivery Signup and view all the answers

Which component of respiration is primarily affected by pneumonia in relation to the movement of carbon dioxide?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a decrease in PaO2 and an increase in PaCO2. This is indicative of which specific pneumonia-related effect?

Decreased gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

What nursing intervention is most crucial for a patient with pneumonia in order to promote adequate respiratory function?

Ensuring increased fluid intake Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with right-sided pneumonia, what position should be avoided to reduce complications?

Side lying – right side Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the pathophysiological action of pneumonia on the alveoli?

Inflammation leading to fluid accumulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant nursing diagnosis for pneumonia related to the effectiveness of the respiratory system?

Impaired gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following findings would most likely indicate bacterial pneumonia based on WBC count?

WBC of 14,297 mm³ Signup and view all the answers

Which pneumonia risk factor is particularly relevant to elderly populations and may lead to deterioration of respiratory status?

Weak cough reflex Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pneumonia is caused by the aspiration of foreign materials, and what is its primary characteristic?

Aspiration pneumonia; caused by the inhalation of food or liquids Signup and view all the answers

What nursing intervention is most effective for enhancing airway clearance in patients with upper respiratory disorders?

Encouraging deep breathing exercises and hydration Signup and view all the answers

Which class of medications primarily targets histamine to relieve symptoms of allergies and upper respiratory disorders?

Antihistamines Signup and view all the answers

What is a key precaution for nurses when administering intranasal steroids to patients?

Advise patients of potential systemic effects Signup and view all the answers

What potential interaction must be assessed prior to administering a bronchodilator in patients with respiratory disorders?

Interaction with herbal supplements Signup and view all the answers

In patients receiving mucolytic therapy, which assessment should be prioritized by the nurse?

Monitoring the patient's hydration status Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a contraindication for the use of certain antihistamines?

Glaucoma or urinary retention Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of lung cancer associated with the highest percentage of cases?

Tobacco smoke Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is the earliest objective sign of lung cancer?

Cough Signup and view all the answers

At what stage is the majority of lung cancer diagnosed due to metastasis?

At late stage Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test is most directly used to obtain tissue samples for lung cancer diagnosis?

Biopsy via bronchoscopy Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common initial treatment approach for lung cancer?

Surgery Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nursing diagnoses is a priority for a patient with lung cancer?

Ineffective airway clearance Signup and view all the answers

What is a commonly accepted intervention to promote effective breathing patterns in lung cancer patients?

Employ pulmonary hygiene strategies Signup and view all the answers

Which method is recommended for managing cancer pain effectively in lung cancer patients?

Long-acting opioids administered continuously Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of lung cancer?

Tobacco Smoke Signup and view all the answers

Lung cancer typically presents with noticeable symptoms at early stages.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is one common early symptom of lung cancer?

Cough Signup and view all the answers

The process by which a carcinogen binds to DNA and causes abnormal growth is known as __________.

mutagenesis Signup and view all the answers

During lung cancer diagnosis, which of the following tests is NOT commonly used?

Blood test Signup and view all the answers

Match the symptoms with their corresponding classification in lung cancer:

Cough = Early Symptom Hemoptysis = Late Symptom Wheezing = Early Symptom Weight Loss = Late Symptom Signup and view all the answers

The main aim of chemotherapy in lung cancer is to __________ tumors.

shrink Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical outcome by the time lung cancer is diagnosed?

70% have metastasized Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class is commonly used as an antiallergenic agent?

Antihistamines Signup and view all the answers

Bronchodilators are used to constrict the airways and reduce airflow.

False Signup and view all the answers

Name one important pre-administration assessment a nurse should perform on a patient taking antihistamines.

Assess for any known allergies to the medication. Signup and view all the answers

An intranasal __________ is often recommended for reducing inflammation in allergies.

steroid Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Antitussive = A medication that suppresses coughing Expectorant = A medication that helps clear mucus from the airways Mucolytic = A medication that thins mucus Nebulization = A method of delivering medication in vapor form directly into the lungs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a common adverse reaction of bronchodilators?

Sedation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory Nursing Diagnoses

Ineffective breathing patterns involve alterations in the rate, depth, timing, or rhythm of breathing.
Ineffective airway clearance is the inability to remove secretions or obstructions, leading to an unclear airway.
Impaired gas exchange indicates an excess or deficit in oxygenation and/or carbon dioxide elimination at the alveolocapillary membrane.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Overview

COPD is marked by irreversible airflow limitation, progressive dyspnea on exertion, and abnormal lung inflammation due to noxious particles or gases.
Fourth leading cause of death in the US, and twelfth leading cause of disability.
Increasing mortality from COPD, contrasting with decreasing heart disease deaths.

Pathophysiology of COPD

Inhalation of noxious particles triggers inflammation, leading to airway narrowing.
Chronic inflammation causes thickening of pulmonary capillary walls.
Key risk factors include smoking (80-90%), occupational exposure, and air pollution. Smoking reduces phagocyte function and cilia activity, while increasing mucus production.

COPD Subtypes

Chronic Bronchitis: Defined by a cough and sputum production for over three months for two consecutive years.
- Pathophysiology includes airway inflammation and mucus production, causing airway blockage.
- Primary nursing diagnosis: ineffective airway clearance.
Emphysema: Characterized by alveolar wall destruction and loss of elastic recoil, leading to over-distended alveoli.
- Impaired passive expiration due to damaged pulmonary capillary beds can lead to right-sided heart failure.
- Primary nursing diagnosis: impaired gas exchange.

Clinical Features of COPD

Primary symptoms: cough, sputum production, dyspnea on exertion.
Secondary symptoms: weight loss, respiratory infections, and barrel chest appearance.

Nursing Assessments and Diagnoses

Focus on risk factors, symptom progression, and comorbidities.
Conduct a focused respiratory assessment using the ABCCS approach: Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Consciousness, and Safety.
Diagnostic tests include arterial blood gases (ABGs), CT scans, and chest X-rays.

Medical Management of COPD

Emphasis on risk reduction strategies, especially smoking cessation.
Oxygen therapy typically at 2 L/min, pulmonary rehabilitation, breathing exercises, and pulmonary hygiene are important components.
Bronchodilators (e.g., Albuterol) are the primary medication for relieving bronchospasms, enhancing lumen size, and improving ventilation.
Corticosteroids are potent anti-inflammatories but require careful monitoring for side effects like sodium retention and immunosuppression.

Nursing Management for COPD

Assess vital signs and lung sounds, and encourage fluid intake.
Avoid cold medications due to potential exacerbation of symptoms.
For patients with COPD and low oxygen saturation, consider options like monitoring, increasing oxygen levels, or notifying the physician based on the patient’s condition.

Treatment Options for COPD

Primary therapy: bronchodilators and corticosteroids.
Secondary therapy may include antibiotics, mucolytic agents, and anti-tussive agents.

Respiratory Nursing Diagnoses

Ineffective breathing patterns involve alterations in the rate, depth, timing, or rhythm of breathing.
Ineffective airway clearance is the inability to remove secretions or obstructions, leading to an unclear airway.
Impaired gas exchange indicates an excess or deficit in oxygenation and/or carbon dioxide elimination at the alveolocapillary membrane.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Overview

COPD is marked by irreversible airflow limitation, progressive dyspnea on exertion, and abnormal lung inflammation due to noxious particles or gases.
Fourth leading cause of death in the US, and twelfth leading cause of disability.
Increasing mortality from COPD, contrasting with decreasing heart disease deaths.

Pathophysiology of COPD

Inhalation of noxious particles triggers inflammation, leading to airway narrowing.
Chronic inflammation causes thickening of pulmonary capillary walls.
Key risk factors include smoking (80-90%), occupational exposure, and air pollution. Smoking reduces phagocyte function and cilia activity, while increasing mucus production.

COPD Subtypes

Chronic Bronchitis: Defined by a cough and sputum production for over three months for two consecutive years.
- Pathophysiology includes airway inflammation and mucus production, causing airway blockage.
- Primary nursing diagnosis: ineffective airway clearance.
Emphysema: Characterized by alveolar wall destruction and loss of elastic recoil, leading to over-distended alveoli.
- Impaired passive expiration due to damaged pulmonary capillary beds can lead to right-sided heart failure.
- Primary nursing diagnosis: impaired gas exchange.

Clinical Features of COPD

Primary symptoms: cough, sputum production, dyspnea on exertion.
Secondary symptoms: weight loss, respiratory infections, and barrel chest appearance.

Nursing Assessments and Diagnoses

Focus on risk factors, symptom progression, and comorbidities.
Conduct a focused respiratory assessment using the ABCCS approach: Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Consciousness, and Safety.
Diagnostic tests include arterial blood gases (ABGs), CT scans, and chest X-rays.

Medical Management of COPD

Emphasis on risk reduction strategies, especially smoking cessation.
Oxygen therapy typically at 2 L/min, pulmonary rehabilitation, breathing exercises, and pulmonary hygiene are important components.
Bronchodilators (e.g., Albuterol) are the primary medication for relieving bronchospasms, enhancing lumen size, and improving ventilation.
Corticosteroids are potent anti-inflammatories but require careful monitoring for side effects like sodium retention and immunosuppression.

Nursing Management for COPD

Assess vital signs and lung sounds, and encourage fluid intake.
Avoid cold medications due to potential exacerbation of symptoms.
For patients with COPD and low oxygen saturation, consider options like monitoring, increasing oxygen levels, or notifying the physician based on the patient’s condition.

Treatment Options for COPD

Primary therapy: bronchodilators and corticosteroids.
Secondary therapy may include antibiotics, mucolytic agents, and anti-tussive agents.

COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

Common diseases associated with COPD include chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Pathophysiology involves irreversible airflow obstruction, inflammation, and destruction of lung tissue.
Smoking leads to airway inflammation, increased mucus production, and alveolar damage.
Chronic bronchitis features productive cough and airway blockage; emphysema involves alveolar destruction and reduced elasticity.
Main signs and symptoms of COPD include chronic cough, sputum production, and dyspnea.
Medications for COPD treatment primarily include bronchodilators (relax airways) and corticosteroids (reduce inflammation).
Supplemental oxygen must be used cautiously; excessive oxygen may lead to respiratory depression in COPD patients.

Asthma

Pathophysiology includes chronic inflammation, hypersensitivity of the bronchial smooth muscle, bronchospasm, and narrowed airways.
Etiology is both inherited and influenced by triggers, which can be extrinsic (allergens like pollen and animal dander) and intrinsic (exercise, stress).
Asthma can be prevented by avoiding known allergens and managing stress and emotional upset.
Classic symptoms: wheezing, chest tightness, dyspnea, and coughing, often presenting as intermittent attacks.
Signs include increased respiratory rate, wheezing during inspiration and expiration, and production of thick, clear sputum.
Complication includes Status Asthmaticus, characterized by prolonged symptoms and respiratory acidosis.
Diagnostic tests include the Peak Flowmeter, which measures peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR).
Treatment typically involves short-acting adrenergic bronchodilators (like albuterol) and corticosteroids.

Juan's Case Study

Juan, a 16-year-old, presents with an asthma attack but shows no wheezes upon examination.
Potential considerations include severe bronchospasm or an impending respiratory failure.
Immediate actions should focus on monitoring vital signs, providing appropriate interventions, and assessing for further respiratory distress.
Collaboration with respiratory therapists and other healthcare providers may be vital for comprehensive care.

Comparison of Asthma and COPD

Asthma is characterized by reversible airway obstruction, while COPD involves irreversible airflow limitation.
Intrinsic factors (like exercise and stress) trigger asthma, while extrinsic factors relate to environmental allergens.
Classic signs of asthma include wheezing, while COPD often presents with a chronic cough and sputum.

Pneumonia

Defined as an inflammatory process causing consolidation in alveolar spaces, impairing gas exchange.
Primary nursing diagnoses may include ineffective breathing patterns, airway clearance, and impaired gas exchange.
Pneumonia affects ventilation and perfusion, leading to decreased oxygen saturation.
Causative agents include viruses, bacteria, fungi, and aspiration.
Risk factors involve immunosuppression, smoking, and immobility.
Typical signs include acute onset fever, shaking chills, chest pain, and productive cough with purulent sputum.
Atypical signs (viral pneumonia) include gradual onset, mild fever, and flu-like symptoms.

Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis is confirmed via CBC, sputum culture and sensitivity, ABG analysis, pulse oximetry, and chest X-ray.
High WBC counts (e.g., Carlos's 14,297 mm³) suggest bacterial infection, while low counts (e.g., Micah's 4,000 mm³) may indicate a viral infection.
Medications include antibiotics (to fight bacterial infection), bronchodilators (to relieve bronchospasms), and expectorants (to aid mucus clearance).

Nursing Interventions for Pneumonia

Emphasize hydration (2500-3000 mL/day), use of a humidifier, chest physiotherapy, and incentive spirometry.
Position patients with right-sided pneumonia in side-lying position on the right side to enhance lung expansion.
Education should cover prevention strategies such as vaccination, treatment of URI, and avoiding irritants.

Lung Cancer Pathophysiology

Carcinogens bind to DNA, leading to genetic changes and abnormal growth.
Primarily develops along the bronchial wall.
Lung cancer is the leading cancer killer in the US.

Lung Cancer Etiology

Tobacco smoke is the primary cause, responsible for 85% of cases.
Other contributing factors include secondhand smoke, asbestos, arsenic, and coal dust.

Early Signs and Symptoms (S&S) of Lung Cancer

Symptoms appear insidiously and are often unnoticed until advanced stages.
By diagnosis, 70% of lung cancer cases have metastasized.
Key early objective symptoms include:
- Persistent cough (most common)
- Respiratory infections (RespTI)
- Wheezing
- Dyspnea (shortness of breath)

Late Signs and Symptoms of Lung Cancer

Hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
Chest pain
Weight loss
Anorexia

Lung Cancer Diagnostic Tests

Imaging techniques: X-ray, CT scan, MRI.
Biopsy via bronchoscopy for definitive diagnosis.

Lung Cancer Treatment Options

Surgery for removal of tumor.
Chemotherapy targeted at metastatic disease.
Radiation therapy to shrink tumors.

Signs and Symptoms of Complications

Edema (swelling due to fluid retention)
Difficulty breathing
Complaints of pain (C/O pain)

Priority Nursing Diagnoses

Ineffective breathing patterns
Ineffective airway clearance
Ineffective gas exchange

Nursing Interventions

Conduct assessments every 4 hours.
Maintain head of bed (HOB) elevated for comfort.
Implement pulmonary hygiene practices: Turn, Cough, Deep Breathe (TCDB), Incentive Spirometry (IS).
Administer oxygen as prescribed.
Provide suctioning as needed.
Offer emotional support to patients and families.

Pain Management Strategies

Utilize a continuous medication schedule with opiates and NSAIDs for cancer pain relief.
Address pain adequately to prevent “breakthrough” pain.
Patient-controlled analgesia pumps can be effective.
Long-acting opioids should be administered around the clock.

New Tech Diagnostic Questions

Identify the foremost carcinogen contributing to lung cancer.
List the early signs and symptoms of lung cancer.
Outline diagnostic methods used for lung cancer identification.
Summarize treatment approaches for lung cancer.
Determine a priority nursing diagnosis for a lung cancer patient.
Provide three nursing interventions related to the identified nursing diagnosis.

Key Terms Definitions

Contraindications: Reasons to withhold a certain treatment or drug.
Anaphylactic: Severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction.
Antiallergenic: Substance that prevents or counteracts allergic reactions.
Histamine: Compound involved in allergic responses.
Allergen: Substance that triggers an allergic reaction.
Bronchodilator: Medication that relaxes and opens airways.
Expectorant: Drug that helps clear mucus from the airways.
Antitussive: Medication that suppresses coughing.
Mucolytic: Agent that breaks down mucus to facilitate easier breathing.
Inhalant: Substance inhaled for therapeutic purposes.
Nebulization: Method of delivering medication as a mist for inhalation.
Urticaria: Hives or rash indicative of an allergic reaction.

Classes of Medications for Upper Respiratory Issues

Understand the uses and actions of medications like intranasal steroids, antitussives, mucolytics, expectorants, antihistamines, and decongestants.

Pre-Administration and Ongoing Assessment

Conduct thorough assessments prior to administering upper respiratory medications.
Monitor for adverse reactions, contraindications, and interactions with other medications.

Bronchodilators and Antiasthma Drugs

Review the uses and actions of these drug classes.
Emphasize essential assessments both before and during treatment.

Lung Cancer Pathophysiology

Carcinogens bind to DNA, leading to genetic changes and abnormal growth.
Primarily develops along the bronchial wall.
Lung cancer is the leading cancer killer in the US.

Lung Cancer Etiology

Tobacco smoke is the primary cause, responsible for 85% of cases.
Other contributing factors include secondhand smoke, asbestos, arsenic, and coal dust.

Early Signs and Symptoms (S&S) of Lung Cancer

Symptoms appear insidiously and are often unnoticed until advanced stages.
By diagnosis, 70% of lung cancer cases have metastasized.
Key early objective symptoms include:
- Persistent cough (most common)
- Respiratory infections (RespTI)
- Wheezing
- Dyspnea (shortness of breath)

Late Signs and Symptoms of Lung Cancer

Hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
Chest pain
Weight loss
Anorexia

Lung Cancer Diagnostic Tests

Imaging techniques: X-ray, CT scan, MRI.
Biopsy via bronchoscopy for definitive diagnosis.

Lung Cancer Treatment Options

Surgery for removal of tumor.
Chemotherapy targeted at metastatic disease.
Radiation therapy to shrink tumors.

Signs and Symptoms of Complications

Edema (swelling due to fluid retention)
Difficulty breathing
Complaints of pain (C/O pain)

Priority Nursing Diagnoses

Ineffective breathing patterns
Ineffective airway clearance
Ineffective gas exchange

Nursing Interventions

Conduct assessments every 4 hours.
Maintain head of bed (HOB) elevated for comfort.
Implement pulmonary hygiene practices: Turn, Cough, Deep Breathe (TCDB), Incentive Spirometry (IS).
Administer oxygen as prescribed.
Provide suctioning as needed.
Offer emotional support to patients and families.

Pain Management Strategies

Utilize a continuous medication schedule with opiates and NSAIDs for cancer pain relief.
Address pain adequately to prevent “breakthrough” pain.
Patient-controlled analgesia pumps can be effective.
Long-acting opioids should be administered around the clock.

New Tech Diagnostic Questions

Identify the foremost carcinogen contributing to lung cancer.
List the early signs and symptoms of lung cancer.
Outline diagnostic methods used for lung cancer identification.
Summarize treatment approaches for lung cancer.
Determine a priority nursing diagnosis for a lung cancer patient.
Provide three nursing interventions related to the identified nursing diagnosis.

Key Terms Definitions

Contraindications: Reasons to withhold a certain treatment or drug.
Anaphylactic: Severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction.
Antiallergenic: Substance that prevents or counteracts allergic reactions.
Histamine: Compound involved in allergic responses.
Allergen: Substance that triggers an allergic reaction.
Bronchodilator: Medication that relaxes and opens airways.
Expectorant: Drug that helps clear mucus from the airways.
Antitussive: Medication that suppresses coughing.
Mucolytic: Agent that breaks down mucus to facilitate easier breathing.
Inhalant: Substance inhaled for therapeutic purposes.
Nebulization: Method of delivering medication as a mist for inhalation.
Urticaria: Hives or rash indicative of an allergic reaction.

Classes of Medications for Upper Respiratory Issues

Understand the uses and actions of medications like intranasal steroids, antitussives, mucolytics, expectorants, antihistamines, and decongestants.

Pre-Administration and Ongoing Assessment

Conduct thorough assessments prior to administering upper respiratory medications.
Monitor for adverse reactions, contraindications, and interactions with other medications.

Bronchodilators and Antiasthma Drugs

Review the uses and actions of these drug classes.
Emphasize essential assessments both before and during treatment.

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Description

This quiz focuses on three key respiratory nursing diagnoses: Ineffective Breathing Patterns, Ineffective Airway Clearance, and Impaired Gas Exchange. Understand the implications and definitions of each diagnosis to enhance your nursing practice. Perfect for nursing students and professionals alike.