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Questions and Answers
What is the function of pleural fluid?
What is the function of pleural fluid?
What happens to the volume of the lungs when the volume of the thoracic cage changes?
What happens to the volume of the lungs when the volume of the thoracic cage changes?
What is the main muscle responsible for inspiration during quiet breathing?
What is the main muscle responsible for inspiration during quiet breathing?
Which of the following is not an accessory muscle of inspiration?
Which of the following is not an accessory muscle of inspiration?
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How does deep inspiration differ from quiet inspiration?
How does deep inspiration differ from quiet inspiration?
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Which of the following factors influences airway resistance during breathing?
Which of the following factors influences airway resistance during breathing?
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What happens to airway resistance during the breathing cycle?
What happens to airway resistance during the breathing cycle?
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What is the primary force driving expiration during quiet breathing?
What is the primary force driving expiration during quiet breathing?
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During normal, quiet breathing, what is the primary force responsible for expiration?
During normal, quiet breathing, what is the primary force responsible for expiration?
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Which of the following muscles are involved in forced expiration?
Which of the following muscles are involved in forced expiration?
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What is the typical respiratory rate for a healthy individual?
What is the typical respiratory rate for a healthy individual?
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What is the term for the ability of the lung to stretch?
What is the term for the ability of the lung to stretch?
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What is the correct definition of lung compliance?
What is the correct definition of lung compliance?
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Which of the following statements about the diaphragm is TRUE?
Which of the following statements about the diaphragm is TRUE?
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How does the contraction of the abdominal muscles influence expiration?
How does the contraction of the abdominal muscles influence expiration?
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What is the primary function of the internal intercostal muscles?
What is the primary function of the internal intercostal muscles?
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What effect does surfactant have on the force required to expand small alveoli compared to large ones?
What effect does surfactant have on the force required to expand small alveoli compared to large ones?
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What would happen to the alveoli if the surface tension remained constant and the alveoli varied in size?
What would happen to the alveoli if the surface tension remained constant and the alveoli varied in size?
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What is the relationship between the radius of an alveolus and the surface tension in the alveolus?
What is the relationship between the radius of an alveolus and the surface tension in the alveolus?
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What is the primary function of surfactant in the lungs?
What is the primary function of surfactant in the lungs?
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What is the term for the condition that occurs when surfactant is absent from the alveoli of a premature baby?
What is the term for the condition that occurs when surfactant is absent from the alveoli of a premature baby?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of surfactant?
Which of the following is NOT a function of surfactant?
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What type of cells produce surfactant?
What type of cells produce surfactant?
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What is the primary component of surfactant?
What is the primary component of surfactant?
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According to the Law of Laplace, what is the relationship between pressure within an alveolus and the radius of the alveolus?
According to the Law of Laplace, what is the relationship between pressure within an alveolus and the radius of the alveolus?
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What is the effect of surfactant on surface tension as an alveolus shrinks?
What is the effect of surfactant on surface tension as an alveolus shrinks?
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What is the primary factor that determines the resistance of an airway to flow?
What is the primary factor that determines the resistance of an airway to flow?
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Why is the combined resistance of the small airways normally low?
Why is the combined resistance of the small airways normally low?
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What is the effect of surfactant on the stability of the alveoli?
What is the effect of surfactant on the stability of the alveoli?
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What is the role of hydrogen bonding in the function of surfactant?
What is the role of hydrogen bonding in the function of surfactant?
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What is the primary location of airway resistance in the normal lung?
What is the primary location of airway resistance in the normal lung?
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What is the disorder associated with decreased surfactant production?
What is the disorder associated with decreased surfactant production?
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What is the primary reason for the increased compliance of the lungs in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?
What is the primary reason for the increased compliance of the lungs in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?
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Which of the following scenarios can lead to a DECREASE in lung compliance?
Which of the following scenarios can lead to a DECREASE in lung compliance?
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Why does the compliance of the lungs decrease at high lung volumes?
Why does the compliance of the lungs decrease at high lung volumes?
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What is the role of surfactant in the lungs?
What is the role of surfactant in the lungs?
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between lung compliance and surfactant?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between lung compliance and surfactant?
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What is the relationship between compliance and the work of breathing?
What is the relationship between compliance and the work of breathing?
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What is the primary contributor to the elastic properties of the lungs?
What is the primary contributor to the elastic properties of the lungs?
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Why is a healthy lung's compliance typically low at low lung volumes?
Why is a healthy lung's compliance typically low at low lung volumes?
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Study Notes
Respiratory Module - Session 3: Mechanics of Breathing
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Learning Outcomes:
- Describe the mechanical system of the lungs and thorax.
- Define and explain how lung compliance is measured.
- Describe factors influencing lung compliance, including the role of surfactant.
- Explain factors influencing airway resistance and how it changes during respiration.
Objective 1: Mechanical System of Lungs & Thorax
- Inspiration is an active process.
- The pleural space, between the lungs and thoracic wall, contains fluid forming a seal.
- Changes in the volume of the thorax cage directly affect the volume of the lungs.
Objective 2: Defining Lung Compliance
- Lung compliance is the stretchiness or distensibility of the lungs.
- Compliance is defined as the volume change per unit of pressure change.
- It's measured by applying a pressure change and measuring the resulting volume change.
Objective 3: Factors Affecting Lung Compliance
- Lung elasticity comes from lung tissues and surface tension in alveoli.
- Surfactant reduces surface tension, crucial for lung compliance.
- Reduced compliance happens when: pulmonary venous pressure increases, alveolar edema occurs, or the lung is unventilated.
- Diseases causing lung fibrosis also reduce compliance.
- In COPD (e.g., emphysema), alveolar walls degenerate increasing compliance.
- Asthma usually has normal lung compliance
Objective 4: Airway Resistance
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Airway resistance is determined by pressure, viscosity, length and radius of the tube (airway).
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Airways are connected in parallel. This lowers resistance compared to single, long flow.
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In normal breathing, airway resistance is minimal in the lower respiratory tract compared to the upper respiratory tract.
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Airway resistance increase during forced exhalation.
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Summary of mechanics:
- Work is done during breathing against elastic recoil forces of lungs and thorax, primarily focused on lung tissue and alveolar surface tension.
- Airway resistance is usually negligible to total breathing work in healthy individuals but it can be affected by disease.
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Description
Explore the mechanics of breathing in this quiz from the Respiratory Module. Understand the mechanical system of lungs and thorax, learn about lung compliance, and discover factors affecting airway resistance. Test your knowledge on these essential respiratory concepts.
