Respiratory Mechanics

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What is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after expiration of a normal breath?

4.5 L

2.5 L (correct)

3.5 L

1.5 L

What is the most common cause of death related to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

Pulmonary hypertension

Lung cancer

Pulmonary embolism

Respiratory failure (correct)

How many people in the US are currently affected by idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

132,000 (correct)

100,000

50,000

200,000

What is the definition of airway resistance?

The change of pressure from the alveoli to the mouth divided by the change in flow rate Signup and view all the answers

What happens to airway resistance as lung volume is reduced?

It significantly increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of surfactant at birth?

It helps the infant's lungs expand after birth Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of surfactant deficiency in infants?

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) Signup and view all the answers

What is the cellular mechanism involved in the development of IPF?

Epithelial cell apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the bronchi and bronchioles in airway resistance?

They significantly contribute to airway resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of contraction of the smooth muscle that lines the bronchial airways?

It increases airway resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the pressure in the intrapleural space normally?

-2.5 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the lungs if the chest wall is opened?

They collapse Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of inspiration?

An active process Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pressure in the airways at the end of inspiration?

It becomes slightly positive Signup and view all the answers

What is the volume of air that moves into the lungs with each inspiration during quiet breathing?

500-750 mL Signup and view all the answers

What is the volume of air that can be exhaled from the lungs after passive expiration?

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) Signup and view all the answers

What is the total amount of air in the lungs after maximum inhalation?

Total Lung Capacity (TLC) Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum amount of air that can be expired from the fully inflated lungs?

Vital Capacity (VC) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of expiration during quiet breathing?

A passive process Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum amount of air that can be inspired from the end-expiratory level?

Inspiratory Capacity (IC) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the retention of fluid in the lungs of infants with IRDS?

Immaturity of epithelial Na+ channels Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate volume of anatomic dead space in a 70 kg person?

300 mL Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis?

Overproduction of surfactant proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the diffusing capacity of the lungs for a given gas?

Surface area of the alveolocapillary membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the first 150 mL expired during expiration?

It is the gas that occupies the dead space Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of rapid shallow breathing on alveolar ventilation?

It decreases alveolar ventilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the difference between RMV and alveolar ventilation?

The difference in the volume of anatomic dead space Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of measuring the diffusing capacity for CO (DLCO)?

To measure the diffusing capacity of the lungs as an index Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of immaturity of epithelial Na+ channels on the lungs of infants with IRDS?

It decreases the absorption of Na+ Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of gas exchange in the respiratory system?

The alveoli Signup and view all the answers