Respiratory Infectious Diseases Overview
40 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of acute bronchitis?

  • Chronic lung disease
  • Viral infection (correct)
  • Allergic reaction
  • Bacterial infection

    • Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with influenza?

  • Cough
  • Headache
  • Chest pain (correct)
  • Sore throat

    • Which of these statements regarding the treatment for acute bronchitis is accurate?

  • Fluid intake should be minimized.
  • Antibiotics are always required for treatment.
  • Only cough suppressants are recommended.
  • Humidification can help relieve symptoms. (correct)

    • What is the classification of the influenza virus that affects cattle?

    <p>Influenza D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is recommended if sputum is positive for bacteria in a patient with acute bronchitis?

    <p>Antibiotics might be necessary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common sign of influenza seen after exposure?

    <p>High fever (above 103°F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does influenza contribute to the risk of developing secondary infections?

    <p>It leads to tissue destruction and inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a viral culture used for in the diagnosis of influenza?

    <p>To confirm the presence of the influenza virus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of tuberculosis in an unhealthy person?

    <p>Night sweats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which testing method is used to detect possible tuberculosis infection?

    <p>Mantoux skin test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates a positive reaction in the Mantoux skin test?

    <p>Induration more than 5 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is early detection of tuberculosis crucial?

    <p>It helps to prevent spread to others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might indicate that a person has been exposed to tuberculosis?

    <p>Positive Mantoux skin test result</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions contributes to a positive Mantoux test result?

    <p>An induration of more than 10 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of hemoptysis in tuberculosis?

    <p>It involves coughing up blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When reading the results of a Mantoux test, which factor does not contraindicate a positive interpretation?

    <p>Recent BCG vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is commonly used to manage pulmonary hypertension?

    <p>Beta blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by the enlargement of the right side of the heart due to pulmonary hypertension?

    <p>Cor Pulmonale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an effect of hypoxia in patients with pulmonary hypertension?

    <p>Increased hematocrit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a nursing management strategy for patients with pulmonary issues?

    <p>Educating on problem areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication seen in patients with cor pulmonale?

    <p>Ascites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prognosis of Type 1 pulmonary hypertension after five years?

    <p>57% survival rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a significant risk factor for developing lung cancer?

    <p>Age over 40 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lifestyle change significantly decreases the risk of lung cancer in former smokers?

    <p>Smoking cessation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment approach for non-small cell lung cancer when caught early?

    <p>Surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are common signs and symptoms of pulmonary embolism?

    <p>Hemoptysis and chest pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a pulmonary embolism most definitively diagnosed?

    <p>Computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential treatment option for a large, unstable pulmonary embolism?

    <p>Thrombolytics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does D-Dimer play in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism?

    <p>It can indicate an elevated risk but is not definitive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention is important for nursing care of a patient with pulmonary embolism?

    <p>Elevate the head of the bed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of untreated pulmonary embolism?

    <p>Respiratory failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding pulmonary hypertension?

    <p>Dyspnea is a common symptom during exertion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is considered a late sign of acute respiratory distress?

    <p>Cyanosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a common pre-operative care measure for patients undergoing thoracic surgery?

    <p>Increased fluid intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment method is used to correct acidosis in acute respiratory conditions?

    <p>Oxygen therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which type of surgery is a thoracoscope utilized?

    <p>Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key post-operative care measure specifically emphasized for patients who underwent VATS?

    <p>Out of bed to chair within 4 to 6 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom might indicate the use of accessory muscles during respiration?

    <p>Use of intercostal muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical recovery time for a standard thoracotomy compared to VATS?

    <p>4 to 6 weeks for standard vs. 3 to 4 days for VATS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which advanced therapy may be considered for severely compromised patients during acute respiratory failure?

    <p>Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Respiratory Infectious Diseases

    • Acute Bronchitis

      • Often follows an upper airway infection, typically viral; results in bronchi inflammation.
      • Caused by inhaling dust, auto exhaust, pollution, or tobacco smoke.
      • Symptoms include productive cough, sore throat, runny nose, headache, joint pain, and fatigue.
      • Treatment involves humidification, cough suppressants (avoid immediate fluid intake), bronchodilators, fluids, rest, and antibiotics if bacterial.

    • Influenza

      • Highly infectious disease affecting both upper and lower respiratory tracts.
      • Annual cases range from 9 to 36 million with 12,000 to 56,000 fatalities.
      • Four major types: A and B (seasonal epidemics), C (mild illness), and D (affects cattle).
      • Spread through direct contact (touching) and indirect contact (coughing, sneezing).
      • Symptoms typically appear 2-3 days post-exposure: headache, fever (101-103°F), chills, sore throat, cough, and gastrointestinal symptoms.
      • Diagnosis through signs, viral culture, serology, and rapid tests; testing is limited to influencing treatment decisions.

    Lung Cancer

    • Leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally.
    • Primarily affects individuals aged 40 and older.
    • Non-small cell lung cancer is aggressive; early detection is key for surgical intervention.
    • Treatment options in advanced stages include chemotherapy and radiation to shrink tumoral masses.

    Pulmonary Vascular Disorders

    • Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

      • Occurs when blood vessel in the lungs is obstructed by a clot or mass, affecting gas exchange.
      • Symptoms vary but often include respiratory distress, dyspnea, chest pain, cough, and anxiety.
      • Diagnosis through D-Dimer tests, CTPA, and other imaging to rule out other conditions.
      • Treatment can include oxygen therapy, IV Heparin, oral anticoagulants, thrombolytics, and surgical embolectomy if necessary.

    • Pulmonary Hypertension

      • Characterized by dyspnea, chest pain with exertion, and dizziness.
      • Severe symptoms can lead to confusion, increased respiratory rate, cyanosis, and potential cardiac arrest.
      • Management includes oxygen therapy, potential ICU admission, and ECMO for severe cases.

    Common Therapeutic Measures

    • Intrathoracic Surgery
      • Involves opening the chest to access the pleural cavity for various repairs.
      • Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is a minimally invasive technique for lung and lymph node surgery.
      • Preoperative care focuses on improving respiratory status and preventing post-surgical complications.
      • Postoperative care includes monitoring respiratory status, chest tubes, and gradual return of activity, with recovery timelines varying between VATS and standard thoracotomy.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Respiratory Infectious Diseases PDF 2022

    Description

    Explore the key aspects of respiratory infectious diseases, focusing on Acute Bronchitis and Influenza. This quiz covers causes, symptoms, and treatments, providing a comprehensive understanding of these common ailments. Test your knowledge about the impact and management of these diseases.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser