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Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of acute bronchitis?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with influenza?
Which of these statements regarding the treatment for acute bronchitis is accurate?
What is the classification of the influenza virus that affects cattle?
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Which treatment is recommended if sputum is positive for bacteria in a patient with acute bronchitis?
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What is a common sign of influenza seen after exposure?
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How does influenza contribute to the risk of developing secondary infections?
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What is a viral culture used for in the diagnosis of influenza?
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What is a common symptom of tuberculosis in an unhealthy person?
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Which testing method is used to detect possible tuberculosis infection?
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What indicates a positive reaction in the Mantoux skin test?
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Why is early detection of tuberculosis crucial?
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What might indicate that a person has been exposed to tuberculosis?
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Which of the following conditions contributes to a positive Mantoux test result?
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What is a characteristic of hemoptysis in tuberculosis?
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When reading the results of a Mantoux test, which factor does not contraindicate a positive interpretation?
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Which medication is commonly used to manage pulmonary hypertension?
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What condition is characterized by the enlargement of the right side of the heart due to pulmonary hypertension?
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What is an effect of hypoxia in patients with pulmonary hypertension?
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Which of the following is a nursing management strategy for patients with pulmonary issues?
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What is a common complication seen in patients with cor pulmonale?
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What is the prognosis of Type 1 pulmonary hypertension after five years?
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Which of the following is a significant risk factor for developing lung cancer?
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What lifestyle change significantly decreases the risk of lung cancer in former smokers?
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What is the primary treatment approach for non-small cell lung cancer when caught early?
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Which of the following are common signs and symptoms of pulmonary embolism?
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How is a pulmonary embolism most definitively diagnosed?
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Which of the following is a potential treatment option for a large, unstable pulmonary embolism?
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What role does D-Dimer play in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism?
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Which intervention is important for nursing care of a patient with pulmonary embolism?
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What is a common consequence of untreated pulmonary embolism?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding pulmonary hypertension?
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What symptom is considered a late sign of acute respiratory distress?
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Which is NOT a common pre-operative care measure for patients undergoing thoracic surgery?
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Which treatment method is used to correct acidosis in acute respiratory conditions?
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During which type of surgery is a thoracoscope utilized?
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What is a key post-operative care measure specifically emphasized for patients who underwent VATS?
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Which symptom might indicate the use of accessory muscles during respiration?
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What is the typical recovery time for a standard thoracotomy compared to VATS?
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Which advanced therapy may be considered for severely compromised patients during acute respiratory failure?
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Study Notes
Respiratory Infectious Diseases
-
Acute Bronchitis
- Often follows an upper airway infection, typically viral; results in bronchi inflammation.
- Caused by inhaling dust, auto exhaust, pollution, or tobacco smoke.
- Symptoms include productive cough, sore throat, runny nose, headache, joint pain, and fatigue.
- Treatment involves humidification, cough suppressants (avoid immediate fluid intake), bronchodilators, fluids, rest, and antibiotics if bacterial.
-
Influenza
- Highly infectious disease affecting both upper and lower respiratory tracts.
- Annual cases range from 9 to 36 million with 12,000 to 56,000 fatalities.
- Four major types: A and B (seasonal epidemics), C (mild illness), and D (affects cattle).
- Spread through direct contact (touching) and indirect contact (coughing, sneezing).
- Symptoms typically appear 2-3 days post-exposure: headache, fever (101-103°F), chills, sore throat, cough, and gastrointestinal symptoms.
- Diagnosis through signs, viral culture, serology, and rapid tests; testing is limited to influencing treatment decisions.
Lung Cancer
- Leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally.
- Primarily affects individuals aged 40 and older.
- Non-small cell lung cancer is aggressive; early detection is key for surgical intervention.
- Treatment options in advanced stages include chemotherapy and radiation to shrink tumoral masses.
Pulmonary Vascular Disorders
-
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
- Occurs when blood vessel in the lungs is obstructed by a clot or mass, affecting gas exchange.
- Symptoms vary but often include respiratory distress, dyspnea, chest pain, cough, and anxiety.
- Diagnosis through D-Dimer tests, CTPA, and other imaging to rule out other conditions.
- Treatment can include oxygen therapy, IV Heparin, oral anticoagulants, thrombolytics, and surgical embolectomy if necessary.
-
Pulmonary Hypertension
- Characterized by dyspnea, chest pain with exertion, and dizziness.
- Severe symptoms can lead to confusion, increased respiratory rate, cyanosis, and potential cardiac arrest.
- Management includes oxygen therapy, potential ICU admission, and ECMO for severe cases.
Common Therapeutic Measures
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Intrathoracic Surgery
- Involves opening the chest to access the pleural cavity for various repairs.
- Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is a minimally invasive technique for lung and lymph node surgery.
- Preoperative care focuses on improving respiratory status and preventing post-surgical complications.
- Postoperative care includes monitoring respiratory status, chest tubes, and gradual return of activity, with recovery timelines varying between VATS and standard thoracotomy.
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Description
Explore the key aspects of respiratory infectious diseases, focusing on Acute Bronchitis and Influenza. This quiz covers causes, symptoms, and treatments, providing a comprehensive understanding of these common ailments. Test your knowledge about the impact and management of these diseases.
