Respiratory Examination Techniques
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Questions and Answers

During tactile vocal fremitus assessment, what indicates a normal finding?

  • Vibrations felt equally on both sides (correct)
  • Absence of vibrations
  • Vibrations felt only on one side
  • Vibrations that increase while coughing
  • What causes the apical pulsations to be shifted to the opposite side during a chest examination?

  • Pleural effusion (correct)
  • Fibrosis
  • Collapse
  • Normal respiration
  • Which abnormal breath sound indicates the presence of obstructive lung diseases such as COPD?

  • Diminished intensity
  • Vesicular breathing with prolonged expiration (correct)
  • Vesicular breathing
  • Bronchial breathing
  • What is the main characteristic of bronchial breathing as observed in certain lung conditions?

    <p>Equal intensity during inspiration and expiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical landmark does Kronig’s Isthmus represent in a chest examination?

    <p>Lung apex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is most likely indicated by a chronic cough persisting for more than 8 weeks?

    <p>Pulmonary tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can result in a foetid odor in sputum production?

    <p>Bronchiectasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers specifically to the expectoration of blood from the lower respiratory tract?

    <p>True hemoptysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What abnormal chest shape is characterized by a forward protrusion of the sternum?

    <p>Pectus carinatum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with a loss of the typical 45° downward angle of the ribs?

    <p>Barrel chest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cough and Sputum Production

    • Chronic cough lasts over 8 weeks; potential causes include asthma, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, or lung cancer.
    • Foetid sputum indicates anaerobic infection; associated with suppurative lung infections such as bronchiectasis and empyema, or lung abscesses.

    Hemoptysis

    • True hemoptysis refers to blood expectorated from the lower respiratory tract, originating below the vocal cords.
    • Pseudo-hemoptysis involves blood from the upper respiratory tract or gastrointestinal tract, often mimicking hemoptysis.

    Local Examination Techniques

    Inspection

    • Evaluates chest shape to assess rib and spine structure; variations can be congenital (e.g., pectus excavatum, pectus carinatum) or acquired (e.g., kyphoscoliosis).
    • Barrel chest develops from longstanding obstructive disease, changing the ribs’ angle and chest diameter.

    Palpation

    • Conducted by examining the chest while the patient is positioned comfortably.
    • Pulsations can shift due to:
      • Pushing factors: pleural effusion, pneumothorax, space-occupying lesions.
      • Pulling factors: collapse, fibrosis.
    • Tactile vocal fremitus (TVF) involves assessing vocal vibrations transmitted to the chest wall; should be symmetrical.

    Chest Percussion and Resonance Areas

    • Traube’s area signifies the fundus of the stomach; defined by specific rib landmarks.
    • Kronig’s Isthmus represents lung apex resonance, outlined by defined anatomical points.

    Auscultation of Breath Sounds

    • Normal breath sounds: vesicular, characterized by longer inspiratory phase, shorter expiratory phase, and equal intensity on both sides.
    • Abnormal breath sounds:
      • Diminished intensity may result from airway obstruction, lung fibrosis, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or chest wall obesity.
      • Vesicular with prolonged expiration indicates obstructive lung diseases (e.g., COPD, asthma).
      • Bronchial breathing is hollow-sounding; inspiratory and expiratory phases are equal, pauses heard in pneumonia.
      • Bronchovesicular tones indicate various pathological conditions.

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    Description

    This quiz covers important aspects of respiratory health, including chronic cough causes, hemoptysis differentiation, and local examination techniques such as inspection and palpation. Test your knowledge on how to evaluate respiratory conditions and recognize related symptoms and abnormalities.

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