Respiratory Epithelium in Nasal Cavity
40 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the conducting part of the respiratory system?

  • Regulating breathing
  • Filtering out large particles
  • Cleaning and humidifying air (correct)
  • Gas exchange

    • Which part of the nasal cavity is lined with olfactory epithelium?

  • Superior conchae (correct)
  • Inferior conchae
  • Middle conchae
  • External vestibule

    • What type of epithelium is found in the external vestibule?

  • Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
  • Cuboidal epithelium
  • Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (correct)
  • Simple squamous epithelium

    • What is the main function of the lamina propria?

    <p>Conditioning the air we breathe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the hair in the nasal cavity?

    <p>Filtering out large particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the thin layer of connective tissue beneath the mucosal epithelium?

    <p>Lamina propria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sebaceous glands in the nasal cavity?

    <p>Producing oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many nasal cavities are there?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of blood flow in the capillaries of the lamina propria?

    <p>Opposite direction of the flow of air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the respiratory part of the respiratory system?

    <p>Gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference in the structure of the wall of larger bronchi compared to smaller bronchi?

    <p>Larger bronchi have cartilage rings that entirely encircle the lumen, while smaller bronchi have isolated plates of hyaline cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of club cells in the terminal bronchioles?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of elastic fibers in the lamina propria of terminal bronchioles?

    <p>To cause the mucosa to fold when the smooth muscle contracts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of respiratory bronchioles?

    <p>They have a mucosa similar to terminal bronchioles but with additional openings to alveoli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the mucociliary apparatus in bronchioles?

    <p>To push debris and dirt upwards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between visceral and parietal pleura?

    <p>Visceral pleura is directly attached to the surface of the lungs, while parietal pleura lines the internal wall of the thoracic cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the brush cells and small granule cells in the terminal bronchioles?

    <p>To produce mucins to maintain the fluid layer on the epithelial surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the terminal bronchioles?

    <p>They have a mucosa with ciliated simple columnar epithelium or simple cuboidal epithelium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the smooth muscle in the lamina propria of terminal bronchioles?

    <p>To cause the mucosa to fold when the smooth muscle contracts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between bronchi and bronchioles?

    <p>Bronchi have mucosal glands, while bronchioles do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the fluid surrounding the olfactory cilia?

    <p>To produce a constant flow of fluid to help odorant molecules access receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sinuses is located at the center of the skull?

    <p>Sphenoid sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium is found in the oropharynx?

    <p>Stratified squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the medial pharyngeal tonsil?

    <p>To detect and fight germs and other harmful substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the epiglottis?

    <p>To prevent swallowed food or fluid from entering the airway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium is found on the upper surface of the epiglottis?

    <p>Stratified squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the trachealis muscle during swallowing?

    <p>It relaxes to allow the esophagus to bulge into the tracheal lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the trachealis muscle during the cough reflex?

    <p>It contracts to narrow the tracheal lumen, increasing the velocity of expelled air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many primary bronchi are there?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the segmental bronchi?

    <p>To supply a pulmonary lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ciliated columnar epithelium in the respiratory tract?

    <p>To move cilia and help transport mucus and trapped particles out of the respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are responsible for producing and secreting hormones or signaling molecules that help regulate various physiological processes?

    <p>Kulchitsky cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are responsible for detecting chemical stimuli and transmitting sensory information?

    <p>Brush cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the basal cells in the respiratory epithelium?

    <p>To serve as stem cells and give rise to other types of epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium is found in the olfactory epithelium?

    <p>Pseudostratified columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the olfactory neurons in the olfactory epithelium?

    <p>To respond to odorant molecules and generate an action potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium?

    <p>To express many ion channels that help maintain an environment suitable for the function and survival of olfactory neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the olfactory glands of Bowman in the olfactory epithelium?

    <p>To produce a lubricating fluid that helps to trap odorant molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the seromucous glands in the nasal cavity?

    <p>To produce a thin mucus layer that traps particles and gaseous impurities from the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the immunoglobulin (IgA) in the respiratory tract?

    <p>To help defend against infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Respiratory System

    • Divided into two parts: conducting part (upper and lower respiratory tract) and respiratory part
    • Conducting part: cleans and humidifies air
    • Respiratory part: responsible for gas exchange (exchange of O2 and CO2 between air and blood)

    Nasal Cavity

    • Divided into two main parts: external vestibule and internal nasal cavity
    • Vestibule:
      • Skin from nose continues inside nostrils
      • Has sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hairs that filter out large particles from inhaled air
      • Epithelium transitions from keratinized stratified squamous to pseudostratified columnar epithelium
    • Internal nasal cavity:
      • Lies inside the skull
      • Separated by the osseous nasal septum
      • Has three conchae (inferior, middle, and superior)
      • Inferior and middle conchae have respiratory epithelium, while superior conchae have olfactory epithelium
      • Mucosa covering conchae and nasal cavities has lamina propria with blood vessels, immune cells, and nerves that help condition inhaled air

    Respiratory Epithelium in Nasal Cavity

    • Consists of five major cell types:
      • Ciliated columnar epithelial cells (30%): move cilia to transport mucus and trapped particles out of the respiratory tract
      • Goblet cells (30%): produce and secrete mucus
      • Brush cells: chemosensory receptors that detect chemical stimuli and transmit sensory information
      • Kulchitsky cells (small granule cells): secrete hormones or signaling molecules that regulate physiological processes
      • Basal cells: serve as stem cells, giving rise to other epithelial cells, ensuring continuous renewal and repair of the respiratory epithelium

    Olfactory Epithelium

    • Located in the roof of the nasal cavity
    • Responsible for smell
    • Consists of pseudostratified columnar epithelium (not ciliated)
    • Has three main cell types:
      • Olfactory neurons:
        • Bipolar neurons that respond to odorant molecules by generating an action potential
        • Axons form small nerves in the lamina propria, passing through the cribriform plate to reach the brain
      • Supporting cells:
        • Columnar cells with microvilli that help maintain an environment suitable for olfactory neurons
        • Express ion channels that help maintain the environment
      • Basal cells:
        • Act as stem cells for olfactory neurons and supporting cells
        • Replace olfactory neurons every 2-3 months and supporting cells less frequently

    Paranasal Sinuses

    • Located in certain bones of the skull
    • Help in phonation of voice and lighten the skull weight
    • Lined with thinner respiratory epithelium (fewer goblet cells) and have fewer glands
    • Lamina propria continues with the peristomium (dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones)
    • Mucus is produced and drained through small openings

    Pharynx

    • Nasal cavities open posteriorly into the pharynx (upper part of the throat)
    • Respiratory epithelium is found in the pharynx, and stratified squamous epithelium is found in the oropharynx
    • Mucosa in the pharynx contains medial pharyngeal tonsil and two auditory tubes
    • Medial pharyngeal tonsil is part of the immune system, detecting and fighting germs and other harmful substances
    • Auditory tubes connect the nasopharynx to the middle ear cavities, equalizing pressure and draining fluids

    Larynx

    • Epiglottis: flat structure above the larynx that prevents swallowed food or fluid from entering the airway
    • Has two surfaces: upper surface (lingual surface) covered by stratified squamous epithelium, and lower surface (laryngeal surface) transitioning into ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
    • Larynx: short passageway between the pharynx and trachea, with walls made of sturdy hyaline cartilage and reinforced by smaller elastic cartilage
    • Lining forms two pairs of folds below the epiglottis: vestibular fold and vocal cords

    Trachea

    • Lined by respiratory epithelium with seromucous glands that moisten the windpipe
    • Reinforced by C-shaped rings made of hyaline cartilage, connected by trachealis muscle and a sheath of fibroelastic tissue
    • Trachealis muscle relaxes during swallowing to allow the esophagus to bulge, and contracts during the cough reflex to narrow the tracheal lumen

    Bronchial Tree

    • Trachea divides into two primary bronchi, each entering its lung along with blood vessels
    • Primary bronchi divide into secondary bronchi (3 in the right lung and 2 in the left lung)
    • Segmental bronchi: lobar bronchi divide into segmental bronchi, each supplying a pulmonary lobe
    • Smaller bronchi: segmental bronchi divide into smaller bronchi
    • Terminal bronchioles: the terminal branches of the smaller bronchi
    • Each bronchiole enters a pulmonary lobule to form 5-7 terminal bronchioles
    • Each terminal bronchiole enters a pulmonary lobule (pyramid-shaped lobule with its apex pointing towards the hilum)
    • Lobules are separated by a thin layer of connective tissue

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Learn about the structure and functions of respiratory epithelium in the nasal cavity, including heat transfer, humidification, and defense against infections.

    More Like This

    Respiratory Epithelium Anatomy
    10 questions

    Respiratory Epithelium Anatomy

    UnrealHelium avatar
    UnrealHelium
    Respiratory System: Trachea and Epithelium
    45 questions

    Respiratory System: Trachea and Epithelium

    VeritableJadeite avatar
    VeritableJadeite
    Respiratory System Histology Quiz
    37 questions

    Respiratory System Histology Quiz

    VeritableJadeite avatar
    VeritableJadeite
    Respiratory Epithelium Quiz
    42 questions

    Respiratory Epithelium Quiz

    FieryBodhran avatar
    FieryBodhran
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser