Questions and Answers
'PASTE' is an alternate assessment tool for ___________.
respiratory patients
In addition to giving high-flow oxygen, what is the MOST important treatment for a patient with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling?
epinephrine
What is the MOST likely cause of a 59-year-old male's acute worsening dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough?
spontaneous pneumothorax
How is a pleural effusion MOST accurately defined?
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Asthma is caused by a response of the:
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Crackles (rales) are caused by _________.
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What condition is most likely affecting a child with a chest infection likely due to RSV, displaying wheezing and crackles?
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In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur, what must be able to freely diffuse?
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In what area of the lungs does respiration occur?
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Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) would MOST likely be contraindicated in which situation?
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What does hearing adventitious sounds during lung auscultation mean?
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Which condition would be LEAST likely to result in hypoxia?
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What is a genetic disorder that predisposes patients to repeated lung infections?
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What is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing?
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Which must be assessed in every respiratory patient?
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What condition is consistent with low-pitched 'rattling' sounds at the bases of lungs?
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What should you instruct an asthma patient to do after using a metered-dose inhaler?
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What is the likely condition for a 3-year-old male presenting with severe shortness of breath and high-pitched noises?
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Based on the symptoms described, what is the likely diagnosis for a patient with flu-like symptoms, night sweats, chest pain, and green sputum?
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In a patient with a chronic respiratory condition, the stimulus to breathe is triggered by low oxygen levels in the blood. This is known as the ___________.
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What should you do for a patient complaining of dyspnea and numbness after an argument?
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What interventions should be taken for a 62-year-old man with severe respiratory distress and oxygen saturation of 82%?
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What would most likely lead to acute pulmonary edema?
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What condition occurs when blood acidity is reduced by excessive breathing?
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What findings are consistent with an alert patient having adequate air exchange?
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What are common signs and symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome?
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How is dyspnea MOST accurately defined?
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Hyperventilation could be associated with all of the following, EXCEPT:
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What should be done when administering supplemental oxygen to a hypoxemic patient with chronic lung disease?
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What happens when the level of arterial carbon dioxide rises above normal?
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Which statement regarding anaphylaxis is correct?
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Which statement regarding the hypoxic drive is correct?
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What should be done for a 21-year-old female who has apparently overdosed on narcotics and is semiconscious?
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Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND), rales, and dependent edema are clinical indicators of?
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Study Notes
Respiratory Emergencies Overview
- PASTE: An assessment tool specifically designed for evaluating respiratory patients.
- Anaphylactic Reaction: Acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and hypotension (BP 90/50 mm Hg) require immediate administration of epinephrine.
- Emphysema Complications: A patient with a barrel-shaped chest and unilateral diminished breath sounds may be experiencing a spontaneous pneumothorax after a severe cough.
- Pleural Effusion: Defined as fluid accumulation outside the lung, leading to potential respiratory complications.
- Asthma: Triggered by an abnormal response of the immune system, leading to airway constriction.
- Crackles: Abnormal lung sounds produced when air passes through fluid in the airways.
Common Pediatric Respiratory Issues
- Bronchiolitis: Common in young children with recent respiratory infections, characterized by decreased air entry and wheezing. Often linked to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
- Viral Upper Respiratory Infection: Causes severe shortness of breath in children with high-pitched breathing sounds due to swelling or obstruction.
Pulmonary Gas Exchange and Assessment
- Pulmonary Gas Exchange: Efficient diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs across the alveolar-capillary membrane.
- Respiratory Location: Gas exchange specifically happens in the alveoli.
- Auscultation: Assessment of lung sounds is critical in every respiratory patient, identifying abnormal breath sounds or potential conditions like aspiration pneumonia.
Respiratory Conditions and Treatments
- CPAP: Contraindicated in patients with low blood pressure (e.g., 76/56 mm Hg), indicating potential respiratory failure.
- Hypoxic Drive: In chronic respiratory conditions, the body may use low oxygen levels as the primary stimulus to breathe.
- Acute Pulmonary Edema: Often results from toxic chemical inhalation, leading to severe respiratory distress and rales upon auscultation.
Hyperventilation and Rare Conditions
- Acute Hyperventilation Syndrome: Characterized by tachypnea and tingling sensations in extremities due to rapid breathing.
- Alkalosis: Occurs when blood acidity decreases through excessive respiration.
Patient Management and Important Signs
- Oxygen Administration: For hypoxemic patients, adjust flow rates based on symptom improvement, ensuring continuous monitoring.
- Respiratory Distress Indicators: Observations such as adequate breathing patterns and clear lung sounds indicate effective ventilation.
Specific Conditions
- Tuberculosis: Indicated by symptoms like night sweats, persistent cough, and green sputum in patients with recent influenza.
- Anaphylaxis Symptoms: Characterized by airway swelling and hypotension, necessitating immediate intervention.
- Medication Overdoses: In cases of narcotic overdose, assisted ventilation is crucial due to slow, shallow respirations.
Clinical Indicators
- Congestive Heart Failure: Identified by paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, rales, and dependent edema, requiring specific management strategies.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts related to respiratory emergencies, including assessment tools like PASTE, and conditions such as anaphylaxis, emphysema, pleural effusion, and asthma. Additionally, it addresses common pediatric respiratory issues like bronchiolitis. Test your knowledge and understanding of these critical respiratory disorders.
