Asthma and COPD

Which medication could potentially worsen asthma symptoms?

What is a key characteristic of COPD, differentiating it from asthma?

A patient with COPD is likely to present with which set of symptoms?

What is the importance of using a spacer with an inhaler?

Which test is considered the gold standard for confirming a diagnosis of COPD?

What is a key characteristic of asthma?

Which of the following is NOT a common trigger for asthma?

A patient with asthma has a heart rate greater than 110 bpm, difficulty speaking in sentences and is using accessory muscles to breathe. Which is MOST concerning?

Which of these findings is NOT a hallmark clinical presentation of asthma?

What is a key criterion for the diagnosis of asthma?

A patient has asthma symptoms less than 2 times a week, normal lung function tests and 1 exacerbation per year. Which classification of asthma fits best?

A patient with persistent asthma uses a low dose ICS with a LABA. The patient presents with daily symptoms and mild reduction in FEV1, based on the text which medication would be used?

Which of the following is considered an ominous sign in a patient with asthma?

Which of the following is NOT a typical finding in a chest X-ray of a patient with COPD?

A patient has an FEV1/FVC ratio of 65% and an FEV1 of 75% predicted. Based on these results which statement is most accurate?

Which diagnostic test is MOST important in evaluating a patient with suspected COPD?

A patient presents with a chronic cough, sputum production, and is a smoker. His FEV1 is 90% of predicted. According to the classification provided, this patient can be classified as having which stage of COPD?

Which of the following is a common distinguishing characteristic of Bronchiectasis from other conditions on the COPD differential?

In moderate COPD, what is the expected range for FEV1?

Which of the following best describes the role of anticholinergics for COPD?

A patient with severe COPD has repeated exacerbations. According to the provided stages of COPD what FEV1 value would make this patient's prognosis worse?

What is the typical daily dosage and duration for methylprednisolone used in COPD treatment?

Which of these is indicative of Stage 4 COPD?

Which medication is considered a short-acting beta 2 agonist (SABA) used as a reliever for asthma?

A patient with daily asthma symptoms and an FEV1 between 60-80% predicted falls into which asthma treatment step?

Which of the following is a combination medication containing a long-acting beta 2 agonist (LABA) and an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)?

A patient uses their SABA more than twice a week. What does this suggest about their asthma control?

What is a primary goal in asthma management besides symptom control?

Which medication is an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) used as a controller medication for persistent asthma?

A patient's asthma is severe, with daily, nonstop symptoms. What is the recommended step for managing this?

Which additional medication is considered for patients with allergies experiencing severe asthma?

Which of the following inhaled medications is considered a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)?

A patient with a low CAT score and a low exacerbation frequency would likely be prescribed which of the following?

A patient with COPD is prescribed the combination inhaler Formoterol/budesonide. What is the classification of this medication?

Which of the following is a characteristic more prominent in COPD vs asthma?

What is the recommended frequency for administering the combination medication Ipratropium Bromide/Albuterol?

Which of these medications is LEAST likely to be used on a regular, daily basis for COPD?

What is a key non-pharmacologic intervention that should be encouraged for patients with COPD?

A patient with COPD presents with right heart failure. Which of the following assessment findings would be most consistent with this condition?

A patient's PFT results reveal significant airflow obstruction and limited reversibility with bronchodilators. Which disease is more likely?

What is the mechanism of action for roflumilast in the treatment of COPD?

Which of the following strategies is essential for asthma management?

What is a critical symptom of worsening COPD exacerbation?

Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of COPD compared to asthma?

What is the primary purpose of using a peak flow meter in asthma management?

What are the common symptoms of late-stage COPD?

What does an FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 70% indicate?

Which imaging finding is commonly associated with patients who have COPD?

Which characteristic best differentiates COPD from asthma?

Which of the following conditions is NOT typically included in the differential diagnosis for COPD?

In patients with suspected COPD, which test is essential for the evaluation?

Which of the following medications is recommended as a last resort for severe asthma management?

What is a common adverse effect of inhaled corticosteroids?

Which of the following conditions is NOT commonly associated with asthma?

What condition is indicated by a peak flow rate of less than 60 L per min initially?

What characterizes Stage 3 COPD in terms of FEV1 and symptoms?

Which of the following medications is recommended as first-line therapy for daily symptoms in COPD?

Which diagnostic test would typically be used to confirm asthma diagnosis?

How are asthma symptoms characterized in terms of their onset?

What is a significant impact of repeated exacerbations in patients with Stage 3 COPD?

What is the significance of an FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 30%?

In which stage of COPD is chronic respiratory failure a concern, indicated by FEV1 values?

Which symptom would be most typical for a patient with asthma during an exacerbation?

What is the recommended dosage and duration for administering prednisone during acute exacerbations of COPD?

What should be prescribed for a patient with moderate asthma experiencing severely uncontrolled symptoms?

Which combination medication includes formoterol and is used for mild persistent asthma?

When is it appropriate to consider high-dose ICS + LABA + oral corticosteroids for asthma management?

What is the primary goal of asthma management aside from controlling symptoms?

Which medication type is recommended for managing nocturnal asthma symptoms under the step 3 treatment plan?

A patient presents with asthma symptoms more than twice a week but less than daily. What is the correct management step?

What is a potential recommendation for patients with asthma who also have allergies?

For a patient with intermittent asthma who requires their SABA more than twice a week, what does this indicate?

What is a typical symptom of asthma during exacerbations?

What is the purpose of phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors in COPD treatment?

Which of the following lung function test results is indicative of asthma?

Inhaled corticosteroids are often combined with which type of medication for better management of COPD?

Which medication is considered a long-acting beta2 agonist (LABA) for managing COPD symptoms?

What is a common characteristic of COPD compared to asthma?

Patients with mild/high risk COPD should be prescribed which combination of medications?

What role does pulmonary rehabilitation play in managing COPD?

Which medication is utilized as both a short-acting beta2 agonist (SABA) and in combination with Ipratropium for COPD treatment?

What assessment finding is least likely in a patient experiencing an asthma exacerbation?

Which of the following would be LEAST useful in evaluating a patient with suspected COPD?

A patient has an FEV1/FVC ratio of 0.6 and an FEV1 of 65% predicted, but reports mild symptomatic improvement with bronchodilators. How does this inform your understanding of their condition?

What is a common radiographic finding consistent with COPD?

Which characteristic is MOST useful in differentiating Bronchiectasis from other diseases on the COPD differential?

A patient suspected of having COPD should NOT have Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) performed during:

Which of the following is a common side effect of inhaled corticosteroids?

A patient with asthma presents with episodic wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. Which of the following diagnostic findings is MOST consistent with asthma?

Which of the following comorbidities is commonly associated with asthma?

A patient with asthma is admitted to the hospital. What FEV1 value after an hour of vigorous treatment would MOST likely warrant hospitalization, according to the provided criteria?

Which of the following is a possible differential diagnosis to consider in a patient who presents with shortness of breath, a dry cough, and wheezing?

Which of the following laboratory findings is MOST consistent with a patient who has poorly controlled asthma?

A patient is experiencing symptoms including central adiposity, hypertension, ecchymoses, and muscle weakness. Which medication is MOST likely causing these side effects?

A patient experiences heartburn after large meals, worsens in the supine position, and has a history of asthma. What condition, besides asthma, should be considered?

A patient with known asthma is being educated on how to prevent exacerbations. Which of the following recommendations would be MOST important to include?

What physiological process underlies the episodic nature of asthma symptoms?

A patient has a new diagnosis of COPD. What should patients be educated about regarding their condition?

A patient with asthma presents with fatigue, absent breath sounds, and paradoxical chest/abdominal movement. These findings are indicative of?

A patient has a chronic cough and produces sputum. The patient also has trouble breathing. These symptoms have progressively gotten worse over the last 6 months. Which of these findings would be MOST suggestive of COPD?

A patient has asthma symptoms more than twice a week but not daily. The patient also has greater than 2 exacerbations per year. Which classification of asthma fits best?

Which is the PRIMARY goal of spirometry when performed for COPD?

A patient with asthma is using their inhaler and the medication reaches the back of their throat but does not improve symptoms. Which of the following would be MOST likely to improve medication delivery?

A patient with moderate persistent asthma is using a low dose ICS and LABA with a PRN SABA. They present with laboured breathing, diaphoresis and extreme breathlessness. According to the asthma classifications, what is the next step for their treatment?

Which of the following best describes the role of a short-acting beta 2 agonist (SABA) in asthma management?

According to the information provided, what is the primary criterion for diagnosing asthma?

A patient with asthma presents with a heart rate of 120 bpm, respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute, and increased use of accessory muscles. Based on the provided content. This patient is MOST likely experiencing

What is the primary goal of a physical examination for a patient presenting with asthma symptoms?

Which medication is used as a short-acting anticholinergic reliever for asthma?

A patient with persistent asthma is using a low-dose ICS. After an evaluation, it's determined they have symptoms most days and some nocturnal symptoms. Which step of asthma management should this patient be in?

What is the recommended approach for managing a patient with severely uncontrolled asthma, daily symptoms, and an FEV1 between 60-80% predicted?

If a patient with asthma is using their short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA) more than twice a week, what does this suggest?

Which of the following is NOT a goal of asthma management?

For a patient with severe asthma (daily, nonstop symptoms), which treatment step is typically recommended?

A patient with allergies and severe asthma is being considered for additional therapy. Which of the following is a medication that may be added?

Which is an example of a combination medication that contains fluticasone and salmeterol?

Which of the following is a long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA) that is administered via dry powder inhaler (DPI)?

A patient with a high CAT score (>10) and frequent COPD symptoms would MOST likely benefit from which of the following combination therapies?

What is the recommended frequency of administration for aclidinium bromide?

Which of the following is a common finding in COPD but NOT in asthma?

A patient's pulmonary function test reveals an FEV1/FVC ratio of 60%. Which of the following is the best interpretation of this result?

For a patient with frequent COPD exacerbations, which of the following medications might be considered in addition to standard therapies such as LABA, LAMA and ICS?

A COPD patient experiences weight loss. What nutritional advice is MOST appropriate?

What clinical finding would differentiate moderate COPD with a low exacerbation frequency from moderate COPD with high exacerbation frequency?

Which of the following findings on a physical examination is MOST suggestive of right heart failure in a patient with COPD?

A patient with moderate COPD needs a short-acting bronchodilator for breakthrough symptoms. Which of the following is MOST appropriate?

A patient with COPD has an FEV1 of 25% predicted and experiences frequent exacerbations that threaten their life. Which stage of COPD does this patient likely have?

Which of the following medications is a short-acting muscarinic antagonist (SAMA) used for the treatment of COPD?

What is the typical daily dosage of prednisone used for treating acute exacerbations of COPD?

A patient with COPD experiences shortness of breath with exertion and has an FEV1 of 40% predicted. Which stage of COPD is this patient likely in?

Which of the following is a common distinguishing characteristic of COPD compared to asthma?

Which pulmonary function test measures the total volume of air expelled after maximum inspiration?

Which of the following findings is a common characteristic seen on a chest X-ray of a patient with COPD?

In which stage is a patient classified if their FEV1 is greater than 80% predicted?

What is the significance of performing CBC and ABGs in patients suspected of having COPD?

What is a key characteristic of COPD that differentiates it from asthma?

What is the gold standard test for confirming a diagnosis of COPD?

Which of the following is NOT a typical clinical presentation of COPD?

What is a characteristic feature of COPD that contributes to airflow limitation?

What is a clinical indicator that suggests a COPD exacerbation is worsening?

What is the initial management step for a patient with asthma experiencing severe, constant symptoms and more than 2 exacerbations per year?

Which adverse effect is associated with inhaled corticosteroids in asthma treatment?

Which of the following lab findings is typically observed in patients with asthma?

What is one of the first components needed to diagnose asthma?

In which situation might hospitalization be indicated for a patient with asthma?

Which condition is NOT commonly associated as a comorbidity with asthma?

What does an FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 70% generally indicate?

Which of the following explains the typical presentation of asthma symptoms?

Which class of medication is primarily used for ongoing asthma control and prevention?

What is the best classification for a patient experiencing daily asthma symptoms with an FEV1 between 60-80% predicted?

Which medication combination is used for mild, persistent asthma?

At what point should referral to a specialist be considered for a patient with asthma?

Which of the following medications is typically NOT used as a reliever for asthma?

What is a primary goal in the management of asthma aside from controlling symptoms?

Which treatment step is indicated for a patient with severe asthma, experiencing daily nonstop symptoms?

What type of therapy may be considered for patients with allergies and severe asthma?

Which of the following inhaled corticosteroids can be used in combination with a long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA)?

In patients with mild/high risk COPD, what is the recommended treatment strategy?

What is the typical administration frequency for tiotropium in patients with COPD?

What is the primary role of the Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor, Roflumilast, in COPD treatment?

Which of the following best differentiates asthma from COPD regarding cough presentation?

What is the maximum number of inhalations allowed per day for SABA therapy?

Which medication is categorized as a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)?

In asthma management, which treatment step is appropriate for a patient with severe, daily symptoms?

A patient with intermittent asthma is using Albuterol sulfate 90 mcg, how often can they take it?

What type of gram bacteria are patient's with COPD more susceptible to?

Which bacteria is gram negative in pneumonia?

What bacteria is a gram positive pneumoniae?

What is the most common chronic respiratory disorder among all age groups worldwide

Clinical hallmarks of asthma include:

Ominous signs of asthma include:

A 19 year old male presents to the clinic complaining of asthma symptoms of < 2 episodes/week. His BL PFTs are normal and has 0-1 exacerbations/year. What treatment is indicated?

A 25 year old female presents to the clinic with asthma symptoms associated with expiratory wheezing, has exacerbations 3-6 days/week and > 2 exacerbations/year. What treatment is indicated?

A 30 year old male presents to the clinic with wheezing. Upon exam, wheezing is heard both expiratory and inspiratory. He reports daily symptoms and has a mild reduction in FEV1 of 60-80% predicted. He reports > 2 exacerbations/year. What treatment is indicated?

A 14 year old female presents to the clinic with labored respirations, diaphoresis, anxiety, and breathlessness (e.g. cannot finish a sentence). She reports constant symptoms, > 2 exacerbations/year, and there is moderate reduction in FEV1/FVC ratio. What treatment is indicated?

Asthma controller medications include:

Asthma reliever medications include:

for rhinitis symptoms, treat with

A 68 year old male presents to the clinic with an acute onset of dyspnea and cough and sputum production that has worsened over the past three weeks. He has a history of a recent cold. What is he most likely presenting with?

A 45 year old obese female presents to the clinic with mild dyspnea, blue lips, and a productive and purulent cough that has been around for the past four months in 2 consecutive years. Labs reveal an increased Hct. What is she most likely presenting with?

A 72 year old thin appearing male presents to the clinic with constant dyspnea, use of accessory muscles, mild, clear sputum production, pink skin, and a barrel chest. Diagnostics reveal an increased AP diameter, normal Hct, and FEV1 < 70%. What is he most likely presenting with?

Forced expiratory time > 6 sec indicates what disorder?

FEV1/FVC < 0.70 and FEV1 < 80% indicates

A patient is suspected of having COPD. What will the CXR reveal?

first line treatment for daily COPD symptoms

first line treatment for intermittent COPD symptoms

All are appropriate COPD treatments except: