Respiratory Disease Management

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of pharmacological interventions in COPD treatment?

To reduce exacerbations

To improve lung function

To relieve symptoms (correct)

To slow disease progression

What is the recommended medication for mild asthma?

Oral corticosteroids

Short-acting bronchodilators (SABAs) as needed (correct)

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) + LABA

Leukotriene modifiers

What is the mechanism of action of bronchodilators?

Improve lung function

Inhibit cytokine production

Reduce inflammation

Relax airway smooth muscle (correct)

What is a common side effect of oral corticosteroids?

Adrenal suppression Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD treatment?

To improve exercise tolerance Signup and view all the answers

What is the step-wise approach for managing severe asthma?

Add oral corticosteroids, omalizumab, or bronchial thermoplasty Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of beta2 agonists in bronchodilators?

Stimulating beta2 receptors to cause bronchodilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary therapeutic effect of corticosteroids in the treatment of asthma?

Reducing inflammation and swelling in the airways Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of medications is most likely to be used to treat bronchospasm?

Anticholinergics Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between inhaled corticosteroids and oral corticosteroids?

Inhaled corticosteroids directly target the airways, while oral corticosteroids have a systemic effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of methylxanthines in bronchodilators?

Inhibiting phosphodiesterase to increase cAMP and relax smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of expectorants?

Increase the production of thin, watery mucus Signup and view all the answers

Which type of medication is used to reduce inflammation and swelling in the airways?

Anti-inflammatory Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of mucolytics?

Break down the disulfide bonds in mucus, reducing its viscosity Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used to break down DNA in mucus, reducing its viscosity?

Dornase alfa Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication for using corticosteroids?

Asthma, COPD, and allergic rhinitis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of medication is used to increase the clearance of mucus from the airways?

Expectorants Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

COPD Treatment

Goals:
- Relieve symptoms
- Slow disease progression
- Improve exercise tolerance
- Reduce exacerbations
Pharmacological interventions:
- Bronchodilators (see below)
- Combination therapy (e.g., LABA + LAMA)
- Corticosteroids (see below)
- Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors (e.g., roflumilast)
- Mucolytics (e.g., acetylcysteine)
Non-pharmacological interventions:
- Smoking cessation
- Pulmonary rehabilitation
- Oxygen therapy

Asthma Management

Goals:
- Control symptoms
- Prevent exacerbations
- Improve lung function
- Reduce medication use
Step-wise approach:
1. Mild asthma: Short-acting bronchodilators (SABAs) as needed
2. Moderate asthma: Add inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) + LABA
3. Severe asthma: Add oral corticosteroids, omalizumab, or bronchial thermoplasty
Medications:
- Bronchodilators (see below)
- Corticosteroids (see below)
- Leukotriene modifiers (e.g., montelukast)
- Anti-IgE therapy (e.g., omalizumab)

Bronchodilators

Types:
- Short-acting beta2 agonists (SABAs): e.g., salbutamol, terbutaline
- Long-acting beta2 agonists (LABAs): e.g., salmeterol, formoterol
- Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs): e.g., tiotropium, aclidinium
- Anticholinergics: e.g., ipratropium
Mechanisms:
- Relax airway smooth muscle
- Increase bronchial diameter
- Improve lung function

Corticosteroids

Types:
- Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS): e.g., beclomethasone, fluticasone
- Oral corticosteroids: e.g., prednisone
Mechanisms:
- Reduce inflammation
- Inhibit cytokine production
- Improve lung function
Side effects:
- Oropharyngeal candidiasis
- Dysphonia
- Adrenal suppression (oral corticosteroids)

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Description

This quiz covers the management of respiratory diseases, including COPD and asthma. It covers the goals, pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, and medications used to treat these conditions.