Respiratory Disease Management

17 Questions

What is the primary goal of pharmacological interventions in COPD treatment?

To relieve symptoms

What is the recommended medication for mild asthma?

Short-acting bronchodilators (SABAs) as needed

What is the mechanism of action of bronchodilators?

Relax airway smooth muscle

What is a common side effect of oral corticosteroids?

Adrenal suppression

What is the goal of pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD treatment?

To improve exercise tolerance

What is the step-wise approach for managing severe asthma?

Add oral corticosteroids, omalizumab, or bronchial thermoplasty

What is the primary mechanism of action of beta2 agonists in bronchodilators?

Stimulating beta2 receptors to cause bronchodilation

What is the primary therapeutic effect of corticosteroids in the treatment of asthma?

Reducing inflammation and swelling in the airways

Which of the following types of medications is most likely to be used to treat bronchospasm?

Anticholinergics

What is the primary difference between inhaled corticosteroids and oral corticosteroids?

Inhaled corticosteroids directly target the airways, while oral corticosteroids have a systemic effect

What is the mechanism of action of methylxanthines in bronchodilators?

Inhibiting phosphodiesterase to increase cAMP and relax smooth muscle

What is the primary mechanism of action of expectorants?

Increase the production of thin, watery mucus

Which type of medication is used to reduce inflammation and swelling in the airways?

Anti-inflammatory

What is the mechanism of action of mucolytics?

Break down the disulfide bonds in mucus, reducing its viscosity

Which medication is used to break down DNA in mucus, reducing its viscosity?

Dornase alfa

What is the indication for using corticosteroids?

Asthma, COPD, and allergic rhinitis

Which type of medication is used to increase the clearance of mucus from the airways?

Expectorants

Study Notes

COPD Treatment

Goals:
- Relieve symptoms
- Slow disease progression
- Improve exercise tolerance
- Reduce exacerbations
Pharmacological interventions:
- Bronchodilators (see below)
- Combination therapy (e.g., LABA + LAMA)
- Corticosteroids (see below)
- Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors (e.g., roflumilast)
- Mucolytics (e.g., acetylcysteine)
Non-pharmacological interventions:
- Smoking cessation
- Pulmonary rehabilitation
- Oxygen therapy

Asthma Management

Goals:
- Control symptoms
- Prevent exacerbations
- Improve lung function
- Reduce medication use
Step-wise approach:
1. Mild asthma: Short-acting bronchodilators (SABAs) as needed
2. Moderate asthma: Add inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) + LABA
3. Severe asthma: Add oral corticosteroids, omalizumab, or bronchial thermoplasty
Medications:
- Bronchodilators (see below)
- Corticosteroids (see below)
- Leukotriene modifiers (e.g., montelukast)
- Anti-IgE therapy (e.g., omalizumab)

Bronchodilators

Types:
- Short-acting beta2 agonists (SABAs): e.g., salbutamol, terbutaline
- Long-acting beta2 agonists (LABAs): e.g., salmeterol, formoterol
- Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs): e.g., tiotropium, aclidinium
- Anticholinergics: e.g., ipratropium
Mechanisms:
- Relax airway smooth muscle
- Increase bronchial diameter
- Improve lung function

Corticosteroids

Types:
- Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS): e.g., beclomethasone, fluticasone
- Oral corticosteroids: e.g., prednisone
Mechanisms:
- Reduce inflammation
- Inhibit cytokine production
- Improve lung function
Side effects:
- Oropharyngeal candidiasis
- Dysphonia
- Adrenal suppression (oral corticosteroids)

This quiz covers the management of respiratory diseases, including COPD and asthma. It covers the goals, pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, and medications used to treat these conditions.

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