Respiratory Diagnosis Patient History

A symptom of asthma, often accompanied by a whistling sound, that occurs when air travels through narrowed airways.

A persistent cough that can produce mucus (productive) or not (nonproductive), characteristic of acute bronchitis.

A symptom of pneumonia, often accompanied by a feeling of being unwell and lacking energy

A symptom of active TB, characterized by coughing up blood or phlegm.

A symptom of pneumonia, often accompanied by pain that worsens with breathing deeply

An infection affecting the upper respiratory tract, causing symptoms such as a runny nose and sore throat.

A condition that causes frequent heartburn, due to acid reflux from the stomach into the esophagus.

A condition where vocal cords don't function correctly, affecting breathing and voice.

A stepwise approach to treatment based on the severity of the condition.

Refers to a patient's understanding of their triggers, medications, and when to seek medical attention.

Supportive care involves measures like increased fluid intake, humidifier use, and hot showers to relieve symptoms.

The focus is on reassuring the patient that bronchitis is typically caused by a virus and antibiotics are not effective.

Severity assessment using tools like the Pneumonia Severity Index guides treatment decisions.

Antibiotics are used for bacterial pneumonia, while antivirals are prescribed for pneumonia with influenza.

Focuses on educating patients about warning signs and when to seek emergency care, along with general symptom management.

A short course of rifampin-based treatment or a longer course of isoniazid therapy is used for latent TB.

Latent TB means the bacteria is present in the body but isn't actively causing illness. The person is asymptomatic and not infectious.

Active TB means the bacteria is actively multiplying, causing symptoms and the person is infectious.

People with weakened immune systems (e.g., HIV), crowded living conditions, drug use, inadequate healthcare, travel to high-TB areas and underlying health conditions like diabetes are more likely to develop TB.

Treatment depends on whether the TB is latent or active. Latent TB is treated with a short course of rifampin or a longer course of isoniazid. Active TB is managed by an infectious disease specialist and may require hospitalization.

Shared decision-making means involving patients in the process of making medical decisions, respecting their autonomy and enabling them to make informed choices.

Engaging patients in discussions about their preferences, values, and goals to ensure their involvement in healthcare decisions.

Providing patients with clear, understandable information about treatment options, risks, and benefits to empower them to make informed decisions.

Understanding the patient's perspective and respecting their right to make choices about their health.

Acute bronchitis is an inflammation of the trachea and bronchi, usually caused by a virus, and typically lasts less than 3 weeks. It is mostly treated with supportive care, like rest and fluids, while antibiotics are generally not needed.

Pneumonia is an infection of the lung tissue, manifesting in various symptoms like fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Its cause can be viral, bacterial, or fungal, requiring different treatments.

In pneumonia, a chest x-ray is a crucial tool for diagnosis, while it is usually not necessary for bronchitis. Additionally, a pneumonia severity assessment, like the Pneumonia Severity Index, helps determine the appropriate treatment.

Typical pneumonia refers to bacterial pneumonia, often treated with antibiotics like amoxicillin. Atypical pneumonia, on the other hand, is typically viral and might require antivirals if influenza is identified.

Egophony, a sound change during auscultation, is a strong indicator of pneumonia, while it is not common in bronchitis. Fever is also more common in pneumonia.

A test that measures lung function, helping doctors assess the severity of airflow obstruction in asthma patients and monitor the effectiveness of treatment.

A type of asthma where symptoms occur less than twice a week, with short flare-ups and no more than two nighttime symptoms a month. Individuals with intermittent asthma have a forced expiratory volume (FEV1) of 80% or more, and their peak flow rate varies by less than 20%. Symptoms typically don't affect daily activities.

A type of asthma where symptoms occur more than twice a week but not daily and may interfere with daily activities. Nighttime symptoms occur more than once a month. Individuals with mild persistent asthma have a forced expiratory volume (FEV1) of 80% or more, and their peak flow rate varies by 20% to less than 30%.

A type of asthma where symptoms occur daily and may interfere with daily activity. Individuals with moderate persistent asthma have a forced expiratory volume (FEV1) of 60% to 80%, and their peak flow rate varies by 30% to less than 50%.

A very severe form of asthma where symptoms occur frequently, even with medication. Nighttime symptoms wake up the individual at least once a week. Individuals with severe persistent asthma have a forced expiratory volume (FEV1) less than 60%, and their peak flow rate varies by more than 50%.

Asthma symptoms are constant, seriously affecting activity. Frequent nighttime symptoms. FEV1 is 60% or less, and peak flow varies by more than 30%.

A test used to screen for tuberculosis in asymptomatic individuals with potential exposure to the disease.

Asthma treatment involves a step-wise approach, adjusting based on symptoms and how well medications work. It's like a staircase, going up or down depending on the intensity of asthma.

A blood test used to screen for tuberculosis in asymptomatic individuals with potential exposure to the disease.

A type of asthma where symptoms occur every day and may interfere with daily activities. Individuals with severe persistent asthma have a forced expiratory volume (FEV1) less than 60%, and their peak flow rate varies by more than 50%.

For mild persistent asthma, the initial treatment involves daily low-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and a quick-relief inhaler (SABA) as needed.

For moderate to severe persistent asthma already on ICS, a single inhaler combining ICS with formoterol (SMART therapy) is preferred, used both daily and as needed.

If asthma remains uncontrolled with ICS, adding a LABA (long-acting beta-agonist) is recommended before adding a LAMA (long-acting muscarinic antagonist).

Adding a LAMA to ICS-LABA can be beneficial for some individuals who aren't fully controlled with ICS-LABA, offering a small improvement.