Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the mucociliary blanket in the airway?
What is the primary function of the mucociliary blanket in the airway?
- To regulate air pressure
- To filter out particles and germs
- To produce mucus
- To move secretions upward toward the larynx (correct)
Which cells synthesize and secrete mucus into the airway?
Which cells synthesize and secrete mucus into the airway?
- Submucosal glands
- Clara cells
- Goblet cells (correct)
- Ciliated cells
What is the average daily production of secretions in the airway of healthy individuals?
What is the average daily production of secretions in the airway of healthy individuals?
- 100-1000 mL
- 1-10 mL
- 10-100 mL (correct)
- 1000-2000 mL
What is the primary function of the mucus layer?
What is the primary function of the mucus layer?
What is the term for the wave-like motion of cilia that helps move secretions upward?
What is the term for the wave-like motion of cilia that helps move secretions upward?
What is the role of submucosal glands in airway clearance?
What is the role of submucosal glands in airway clearance?
What is the term for the study of cilia and mucociliary clearance?
What is the term for the study of cilia and mucociliary clearance?
What is the name of the mechanism that occurs from the larynx to the respiratory bronchioles?
What is the name of the mechanism that occurs from the larynx to the respiratory bronchioles?
What is the minimum amount of sputum production required for CPT to be effective?
What is the minimum amount of sputum production required for CPT to be effective?
Which of the following conditions is NOT an indication for CPT in chronic conditions?
Which of the following conditions is NOT an indication for CPT in chronic conditions?
What is the potential benefit of combining PD/P/V with exercise in cystic fibrosis?
What is the potential benefit of combining PD/P/V with exercise in cystic fibrosis?
In which of the following conditions can CPT be used to prevent chest infections?
In which of the following conditions can CPT be used to prevent chest infections?
What is the result of a large pressure gradient between the intrathoracic airways and atmospheric pressure during the expulsion phase?
What is the result of a large pressure gradient between the intrathoracic airways and atmospheric pressure during the expulsion phase?
What is the primary goal of postural drainage in acute respiratory failure?
What is the primary goal of postural drainage in acute respiratory failure?
What is the primary goal of airway clearance therapy (ACT)?
What is the primary goal of airway clearance therapy (ACT)?
Which of the following is an indication for CPT in acute conditions?
Which of the following is an indication for CPT in acute conditions?
What can lead to mucus retention and worsening airway clearance?
What can lead to mucus retention and worsening airway clearance?
Which of the following diseases can impair airway clearance?
Which of the following diseases can impair airway clearance?
What is a result of mucus plugging?
What is a result of mucus plugging?
What is the effect of abnormal mucociliary clearance on the airways?
What is the effect of abnormal mucociliary clearance on the airways?
What is the expected outcome of airway clearance therapy (ACT)?
What is the expected outcome of airway clearance therapy (ACT)?
Where should you clap for drainage in the Upper Lobes Posterior apical Segment?
Where should you clap for drainage in the Upper Lobes Posterior apical Segment?
What angle should the patient be positioned at for the High Fowler's position?
What angle should the patient be positioned at for the High Fowler's position?
What is the mechanism by which mucus is displaced from the airway walls during the expulsion phase?
What is the mechanism by which mucus is displaced from the airway walls during the expulsion phase?
In what position should the patient be for draining the Upper Lobes Anterior Segment?
In what position should the patient be for draining the Upper Lobes Anterior Segment?
How should the bed or drainage table be positioned for the Upper Lobe Right Posterior Segment?
How should the bed or drainage table be positioned for the Upper Lobe Right Posterior Segment?
What is the correct position for the patient to drain the Upper Lobes left posterior segment?
What is the correct position for the patient to drain the Upper Lobes left posterior segment?
What degree angle is needed to elevate the head and shoulders for the Upper Lobes left posterior segment?
What degree angle is needed to elevate the head and shoulders for the Upper Lobes left posterior segment?
How much should the foot of table or bed be elevated for the Right Middle Lobe: lateral and medial segments?
How much should the foot of table or bed be elevated for the Right Middle Lobe: lateral and medial segments?
When positioning a patient for drainage of the Right Middle Lobe, how should they position their knees?
When positioning a patient for drainage of the Right Middle Lobe, how should they position their knees?
What positioning of the hands is required for effective percussion?
What positioning of the hands is required for effective percussion?
How long should percussion be applied over the specific segment if tolerated by the patient?
How long should percussion be applied over the specific segment if tolerated by the patient?
What motion should be used for vibratory technique during expiration?
What motion should be used for vibratory technique during expiration?
Where should the hands be placed for the vibration technique?
Where should the hands be placed for the vibration technique?
Which type of clothing is recommended to improve patient comfort during percussion?
Which type of clothing is recommended to improve patient comfort during percussion?
What control features do mechanical percussion and vibration devices typically have?
What control features do mechanical percussion and vibration devices typically have?
What is a potential hazard of using mechanical percussion and vibration devices?
What is a potential hazard of using mechanical percussion and vibration devices?
Up to what frequency do most mechanical percussion units provide?
Up to what frequency do most mechanical percussion units provide?
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Study Notes
Mucociliary Blanket
- Primary function: To clear the airway of foreign particles and secretions
- Mucus synthesis and secretion: Goblet cells and submucosal glands
- Average daily production: 100 ml
- Mucus layer function: Trap inhaled particles and pathogens
- Wave-like motion of cilia: Ciliary beat
- Submucosal glands role: Secrete mucus in the airway
- Study of cilia and mucociliary clearance: Ciliary science
- Mechanism from larynx to respiratory bronchioles: Mucociliary escalator
Airway Clearance Therapy (ACT)
- Minimum sputum production for effective CPT: 10 ml
- Non-indication for CPT in chronic conditions: Asthma
- Potential benefit of combining PD/P/V with exercise in cystic fibrosis: Improved airway clearance and lung function
- Conditions for CPT to prevent chest infections: Cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Result of pressure gradient during expulsion: Airway clearance
- Primary goal of postural drainage in acute respiratory failure: Mobilize secretions
- Primary goal of ACT: Improve airway clearance
- Indication for CPT in acute conditions: Pneumonia
- Causes of mucus retention and worsening airway clearance: Dehydration, medications, and inactivity
- Diseases impairing airway clearance: Cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and bronchiectasis
- Result of mucus plugging: Airway obstruction, atelectasis, and infection
- Effect of abnormal mucociliary clearance: Chronic cough, recurrent respiratory infections, and impaired lung function
- Expected outcome of ACT: Improved airway clearance, decreased cough, reduced respiratory infections, and improved lung function
Positioning for Airway Clearance
- Upper Lobes Posterior apical segment: Clap on the back between the shoulder blades
- High Fowler's position angle: 90 degrees
- Mechanism of mucus displacement during expulsion: Coughing
- Upper Lobes Anterior Segment: Patient in supine position with head and shoulders slightly elevated
- Upper Lobe Right Posterior Segment: Bed or table tilted on the right side
- Upper Lobe Left Posterior Segment: Patient lies on right side with head and shoulders elevated 45 degrees
- Upper Lobe Left Posterior Segment angle: 45 degrees
- Right Middle Lobe: lateral and medial segments: Foot of table or bed elevated 12-18 inches (30-46 cm)
- Right Middle Lobe positioning: Patient lies on left side with knees bent and hips flexed
- Effective percussion positioning: cupped hands
- Percussion duration: 5-10 minutes
- Vibratory technique motion: Rapid, vibrating movement
- Vibration technique hand placement: Over the chest wall
- Clothing for patient comfort during percussion: Loose-fitting clothing
- Mechanical percussion and vibration devices control features: Frequency, intensity, and duration
- Potential hazard of mechanical percussion and vibration devices: Skin irritation and bruising
- Mechanical percussion units frequency: Up to 20 Hz
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